The application of chemical modification in direct sample insertion inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry

Karanassios, Vassili; Abdullah, Mohammad Syafiq; Horlick, Gary

doi:10.1016/0584-8547(90)80083-u

Cited by 31 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Agents such as these have been used to improve the volatilization of analytes in DSI from graphite probes, especially for refractory carbide and oxide forming elements. 18 In experiments in the present study in which NaF was added, improved analyte volatilization was observed when addition was incorporated prior to drying and ashing of the pulp sample. The best results in terms of signal appearance and reproducibility, however, were achieved when HCl and NaF were added together before sample drying and pyrolysis.…”

Section: Methods Developmentmentioning

confidence: 57%

Rapid determination of Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn in wood pulp by direct sample insertion-inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry using a pyrolytically coated graphite sample probe

Rybak¹,

Hatsis²,

Thurbide³

et al. 1999

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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A rapid method for screening wood pulp samples by direct sample insertion-inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (DSI-ICP-OES) is described. Solid wood pulp samples were introduced directly into an inductively coupled plasma, using a pyrolytically coated graphite DSI sample probe, after in situ chemical treatment with HCl and NaF. Drying and ashing steps were performed by inductively heating the sample probe in the ICP coil prior to plasma ignition. The analysis time of the method from sample acquisition to analysis was of the order of several minutes per sample, as compared to several hours when conventional dissolution methods are used. Agreement with reference values for wood pulp samples ranged from 3.4±16% (absolute) for high-concentration analytes (Mg, Mn) and 1.7±50% (absolute) for low-concentration ones (Cu, Fe, Zn) using external standards. Precision ranged from 6±50% RSD and was highly dependent on the element and pulp sample studied. Absolute detection limits for the method were of the range of 50±1000 pg, translating into relative detection limits of 20±400 ppb based on a 2.5 mg pulp sample. The merits of using DSI-ICP-OES for the direct analysis of wood pulps, and of using a pyrolytically coated graphite probe for this type of application, are discussed.

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Section: Methods Developmentmentioning

confidence: 57%

Rapid determination of Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn in wood pulp by direct sample insertion-inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry using a pyrolytically coated graphite sample probe

Rybak¹,

Hatsis²,

Thurbide³

et al. 1999

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…In DSI-ICP-AES, analyte appearance time, shape (width and height) of the analyte peak, SBR, and background intensity depend on the position of the sample probe in the ICP discharge. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Generally, increasing the cup position from a lower position of the ICP (e.g., below the top of the load coil) to a higher position (e.g., above the top of the load coil) gives sharper and more symmetrical analyte emission peaks and, therefore, enhanced SBR. The effects of probe position on plasma excitation conditions, however, are rarely discussed in the literatures.…”

Section: Effect Of Probe Insertion On Plasma Excitation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel setup for investigation of the plasma conditions in direct sample insertion inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (DSI-ICP-AES)

Cheung

Chan

2004

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Insertion of a sample probe into the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) for direct sample insertion (DSI) could change the plasma excitation conditions. In this study, a novel setup is proposed for the investigation of the probe effects. A hollow graphite tube was used as a stand-in for the DSI sample probe to exert probe effects on the plasma. Laser-ablated testing elements (Fe, Zn and Mg) were introduced separately into the central channel of the plasma via the hollow graphite tube for measurement of plasma excitation temperature and electron number density. A relatively low Ar carrier gas flow rate (0.42 L min 21 ) was used to minimize perturbation to the plasma due to the gas flow. The study shows that the extent of reduction in plasma excitation temperature and electron number density increases with probe insertion position at all observation heights. In addition, the probe effects strongly depend on the relative distance of the observation position to the tip of the probe. The probe effects are the strongest near the tip of the probe and reduce at observation positions further away from the tip. Signal-to-background ratios (SBR) of the testing elements also depend strongly on the probe insertion position and the relative distance of the observation position to the tip of the probe. The SBR peaks at 5-10 mm above the tip of the sample probe. The vertical profile of SBR depends on analyte diffusion in the plasma and the plasma excitation conditions.

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“…A nonconventional approach to direct solid sampling, developed by Horlick et al, utilized a direct sample insertion system in which small quantities of powder or solids could be inserted into the ICP torch, in a similar fashion to which samples are processed by direct current (DC) arc spectroscopy, using a graphite cup electrode. , More recently, Homazava et al , demonstrated a different approach to sampling solids, employing a microcapillary (<1000 μm) to deliver a 0.1 M NaCl or 0.1 M HCl solution to the sample surface that was subsequently directed into the ICP-MS. These studies provided valuable information regarding the corrosion properties of alloys (e.g., aluminum alloy AA 6111) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Uranium Isotopic Analysis of Swipe Surfaces by Microextraction-ICP-MS

et al. 2021

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The ability to directly measure uranium isotope ratios on environmental swipes has been achieved through a solution-based microextraction process and represents a significant advancement toward the development of a rapid method to analyze international nuclear safeguard samples. Here, a microextraction probe is lowered and sealed onto the swipe surface, and analytes within the sampling site (∼8 mm 2 ) are dissolved and extracted into a flowing solvent of 2% nitric acid (HNO 3 ). The mobilized species are subsequently directed into an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) for accurate and precise isotope ratio determination. This work highlights the novelty of the sampling mechanism, particularly with the direct coupling of the microextraction probe to the ICP-MS and measurement of uranium isotope ratios. The preliminary method detection limit for the microextraction-ICP-MS method, utilizing a quadrupole-based MS, was determined to be ∼50 pg of 238 U. Additionally, precise and accurate isotope ratio measurements were achieved on uranium reference materials for both the major ( 235 U/ 238 U) and minor ( 234 U/ 238 U and 236 U/ 238 U) ratios. While the present work is focused on directly measuring uranium isotopic systems on swipe surfaces for nuclear safeguards and verification applications, the benefits would extend across many applications in which direct solid sampling is sought for elemental and isotopic analysis.

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The application of chemical modification in direct sample insertion inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry

Cited by 31 publications

References 24 publications

Rapid determination of Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn in wood pulp by direct sample insertion-inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry using a pyrolytically coated graphite sample probe

Rapid determination of Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn in wood pulp by direct sample insertion-inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry using a pyrolytically coated graphite sample probe

Novel setup for investigation of the plasma conditions in direct sample insertion inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (DSI-ICP-AES)

Direct Uranium Isotopic Analysis of Swipe Surfaces by Microextraction-ICP-MS

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