1997
DOI: 10.1002/anie.199708001
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The Application of Analytical Methods to the Detection of Hidden Explosives and Explosive Devices

Abstract: The detection of hidden explosives has undergone an enormous development due to an increased desire for safety and the increased terrorist attacks in the last few years. This development was made possible in particular by the rapid advances in the development of powerful analytical techniques in general. These technologies. however, must be specially adapted for the problems of explosives detection. These problems encompass. for example. the large variety of different explosives, the camouflage of explosive de… Show more

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Cited by 77 publications
(50 citation statements)
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“…requires analytical methods with high speed and sensitivity [2,3]. Numerous analytical methods, such as laser photoacoustic spectroscopy [4], fluorescence [5][6][7], surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) [8,9], nano-electrical devices [10], mass spectrometry, ion mobility spectroscopy, and X-ray imaging [11] have been used or proposed as suitable methods for the detection and quantification of nitro-explosives, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), cyclo-1,3,5-trimethylene-2,4,6-trinitramine (RDX) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) et al Capillary electrophoresis (CE) [12], ion chromatography (IC) [13], electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) [14], and electrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometry (ESI-IMS) [15] have been employed to detect characteristic ions of inorganic explosives, such as ClO 4 − , ClO 3 − , or NO 3 − [16,17], which are known for their high stability and non-volatility. Recently, the capability of thermal desorption ion mobility spectrometry (TD-IMS) for the on-site sensitive detection of typical nitro-explosives such as TNT and RDX has been demonstrated.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…requires analytical methods with high speed and sensitivity [2,3]. Numerous analytical methods, such as laser photoacoustic spectroscopy [4], fluorescence [5][6][7], surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) [8,9], nano-electrical devices [10], mass spectrometry, ion mobility spectroscopy, and X-ray imaging [11] have been used or proposed as suitable methods for the detection and quantification of nitro-explosives, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), cyclo-1,3,5-trimethylene-2,4,6-trinitramine (RDX) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) et al Capillary electrophoresis (CE) [12], ion chromatography (IC) [13], electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) [14], and electrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometry (ESI-IMS) [15] have been employed to detect characteristic ions of inorganic explosives, such as ClO 4 − , ClO 3 − , or NO 3 − [16,17], which are known for their high stability and non-volatility. Recently, the capability of thermal desorption ion mobility spectrometry (TD-IMS) for the on-site sensitive detection of typical nitro-explosives such as TNT and RDX has been demonstrated.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[2][3][4][5] Research in this field has significantly grown since the attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. Explosives have been characterized by a number of spectroscopic techniques, such as middle-FTIR, Raman, UV/visible spectroscopy, GC-MS, etc.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, all these techniques are complicated, expensive, and limited by either lack of sensitivity or ability of rapid detecting trace of TNT. Fluorescence quenching is also a useful and effective method for detecting explosive nitroaromatic compounds [2][3][4][5][6]. Various materials have been employed in fabricating fluorescent sensors such as conjugated polymers [7][8][9][10][11][12], small fluorescent molecules [13,14], dye-doped silica [15,16], and nano-scaled molecular aggregates [17].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%