The apple WD40 protein MdTTG1 interacts with bHLH but not MYB proteins to regulate anthocyanin accumulation

An, Xiu-Hong; Tian, Yi; Chen, Keqin; Wang, Xiaofei; Hao, Yu‐Jin

doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2012.01.015

Cited by 209 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It is uncertain whether WD40 can interact with MYB. For example, in Arabidopsis , TTG1 (WD40) can interact with TT2; in apple, MdTTG1 interacts with bHLH but not MYB proteins (An et al, 2012). In Nelumbo , NnTTG1 not only interacts with two bHLHs (NnbHLH1 and NlbHLH1) but also interacts with NnMYB5.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of aR2R3-MYBgene regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis and relationships between its variation and flower color difference in lotus (NelumboAdans.)

Sun

Gugger

Wang

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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The lotus (Nelumbonaceae: Nelumbo Adans.) is a highly desired ornamental plant, comprising only two extant species, the sacred lotus (N. nucifera Gaerten.) with red flowers and the American lotus (N. lutea Willd.) with yellow flowers. Flower color is the most obvious difference of two species. To better understand the mechanism of flower color differentiation, the content of anthocyanins and the expression levels of four key structural genes (e.g., DFR, ANS, UFGT and GST) were analyzed in two species. Our results revealed that anthocyanins were detected in red flowers, not yellow flowers. Expression analysis showed that no transcripts of GST gene and low expression level of three UFGT genes were detected in yellow flowers. In addition, three regulatory genes (NnMYB5, NnbHLH1 and NnTTG1) were isolated from red flowers and showed a high similarity to corresponding regulatory genes of other species. Sequence analysis of MYB5, bHLH1 and TTG1 in two species revealed striking differences in coding region and promoter region of MYB5 gene. Population analysis identified three MYB5 variants in Nelumbo: a functional allele existed in red flowers and two inactive forms existed in yellow flowers. This result revealed that there was an association between allelic variation in MYB5 gene and flower color difference. Yeast two-hybrid experiments showed that NnMYB5 interacts with NnbHLH1, NlbHLH1 and NnTTG1, and NnTTG1 also interacts with NnbHLH1 and NlbHLH1. The over-expression of NnMYB5 led to anthocyanin accumulation in immature seeds and flower stalks and up-regulation of expression of TT19 in Arabidopsis. Therefore, NnMYB5 is a transcription activator of anthocyanin synthesis. This study helps to elucidate the function of NnMYB5 and will contribute to clarify the mechanism of flower coloration and genetic engineering of flower color in lotus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of aR2R3-MYBgene regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis and relationships between its variation and flower color difference in lotus (NelumboAdans.)

Sun

Gugger

Wang

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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“…Notably, however, CPC variants lacking the motif were capable of intercellular movement in roots, suggesting passive diffusion as a secondary transport mechanism (Rim et al, 2011). An alternative interpretation of the biolistic data is that MYBx prevented AN11 from moving; however, this is unlikely given that the MYBs are not effective binders of WDR proteins (Figure 1; Payne et al, 2000;Baudry et al, 2004Baudry et al, , 2006Chiu et al, 2010;An et al, 2012).…”

Section: Mybx Is a Repressormentioning

confidence: 99%

A Conserved Network of Transcriptional Activators and Repressors Regulates Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Eudicots

et al. 2014

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Plants require sophisticated regulatory mechanisms to ensure the degree of anthocyanin pigmentation is appropriate to myriad developmental and environmental signals. Central to this process are the activity of MYB-bHLH-WD repeat (MBW) complexes that regulate the transcription of anthocyanin genes. In this study, the gene regulatory network that regulates anthocyanin synthesis in petunia (Petunia hybrida) has been characterized. Genetic and molecular evidence show that the R2R3-MYB, MYB27, is an anthocyanin repressor that functions as part of the MBW complex and represses transcription through its C-terminal EAR motif. MYB27 targets both the anthocyanin pathway genes and basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) ANTHOCYANIN1 (AN1), itself an essential component of the MBW activation complex for pigmentation. Other features of the regulatory network identified include inhibition of AN1 activity by the competitive R3-MYB repressor MYBx and the activation of AN1, MYB27, and MYBx by the MBW activation complex, providing for both reinforcement and feedback regulation. We also demonstrate the intercellular movement of the WDR protein (AN11) and R3-repressor (MYBx), which may facilitate anthocyanin pigment pattern formation. The fundamental features of this regulatory network in the Asterid model of petunia are similar to those in the Rosid model of Arabidopsis thaliana and are thus likely to be widespread in the Eudicots.

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“…Besides, a recent study indicates a direct interaction between AtMYC2 and the ABA receptor AtPYL6, which is inhanced by the presence of ABA, and makes MYC2 important in ABA-JA crosstalk (Aleman et al, 2016). In apple, studies of bHLH TFs are mainly focused on fruit coloration in recent years (An et al, 2012, 2016; Xie et al, 2012; Hu et al, 2016), and just few findings have been reported on the regulation of stress tolerance of MdbHLH genes. Feng et al (2012) identified an AtICE1 like protein from apple, named MdCIbHLH1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Wide Identification and Characterization of Apple bHLH Transcription Factors and Expression Analysis in Response to Drought and Salt Stress

et al. 2017

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The bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) transcription factor family is the second largest in plants. It occurs in all three eukaryotic kingdoms, and plays important roles in regulating growth and development. However, family members have not previously been studied in apple. Here, we identified 188 MdbHLH proteins in apple “Golden Delicious” (Malus × domestica Borkh.), which could be classified into 18 groups. We also investigated the gene structures and 12 conserved motifs in these MdbHLHs. Coupled with expression analysis and protein interaction network prediction, we identified several genes that might be responsible for abiotic stress responses. This study provides insight and rich resources for subsequent investigations of such proteins in apple.

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The apple WD40 protein MdTTG1 interacts with bHLH but not MYB proteins to regulate anthocyanin accumulation

Cited by 209 publications

References 46 publications

Identification of aR2R3-MYBgene regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis and relationships between its variation and flower color difference in lotus (NelumboAdans.)

Identification of aR2R3-MYBgene regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis and relationships between its variation and flower color difference in lotus (NelumboAdans.)

A Conserved Network of Transcriptional Activators and Repressors Regulates Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Eudicots

Genome Wide Identification and Characterization of Apple bHLH Transcription Factors and Expression Analysis in Response to Drought and Salt Stress

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