The Anxiety Depression Distress Inventory–27 (ADDI–27): New Evidence of Factor Structure, Item-Level Measurement Invariance, and Validity

Abstract

Three studies examining the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Anxiety Depression Distress Inventory-27 (ADDI-27) extended the initial instrument development studies for this recently introduced inventory. The ADDI-27 is an empirically derived short form of the Mood and Anxiety Questionaire-90 (MASQ-90) comprising three scales: Positive Affect, Somatic Anxiety, and General Distress. The main objectives of Study 1 (N = 700) were to examine the factor structure of the ADDI-27 and its measurement invariance across gender at the item level. The objective of Study 2 (N = 538) was to examine evidence for the convergent and discriminant validity of scores on the ADDI-27. The objective of Study 3 (N = 240) was to assess further evidence for the nomological network and convergent and discriminant validity of the ADDI-27 scores. Results of exploratory structural equation modeling yielded strong support for a 3-factor model, with approximate fit indexes meeting or exceeding the conventional cutoffs. With p ≤ .001 as the criterion for detecting noninvariance, results of measurement invariance analysis suggested that all of the ADDI-27 items were invariant across gender. Results of multivariate validity analyses across 2 studies provided support for the convergent and discriminant validity of scores on the ADDI-27 scales.

Shame and Suicidal Ideation among Undergraduates in China: The Mediating Effect of Thwarted Belongingness and Perceived Burdensomeness

“…Higher scores on SA indicate increased levels of anxious symptomatology. Previous studies have supported the strong reliability and validity of the ADDI-27 instrument [49,50] and the Chinese version of ADDI-27 has been shown to have adequate reliability and validity in Chinese medical students [51]. In this study, the Cronbach's α coefficients of PA and SA are 0.901 and 0.921 respectively.…”

“…We have used Positive Affect (PA) and Somatic Anxiety (SA) from the Anxiety Depression Distress Inventory-27 (ADDI-27) which is a short version of the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire-90 (MASQ-90) [49,50]. Either PA or SA is a self-report instrument consisting of 9 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale.…”

The Relationship Between Negative Focused Disposition and Suicidal Ideation Among College Students: The Mediating Effects of Somatic Anxiety, General Distress, and Depression

“…The reliability and validity of the instrument have been shown by previous studies (44). The reliability and validity of the Chinese version also has been supported in Chinese medical student samples (45).…”

The status of the Beck inventories (BDI, BAI) in psychology training and practice: A major shift in clinical acceptance

“…This latter point may be a critical factor, as modern scales that screen for depression/anxiety gain the attention of clinicians and assessment faculty. For example, instruments like the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD‐7: see Rutter & Brown, ; Plummer, Manea, Trepel, & McMillan, ), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9: see Quon et al., ; Sawaya, Atoui, Hamadeh, Zeinoun, & Nahas, ), the Anxiety Depression Distress Inventory‐27 (ADDI‐27: Garcia, Berzins, Acosta, Pirani, & Osman, ), and the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS: see Pilkonis et al., ; Schalet, Cook, Choi, & Cella, ), (some of which conveniently available at no cost), may offer alternative avenues for the efficient, brief assessment of anxiety and mood states. Moreover, more traditional instruments like the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire‐90 (MASQ: see Schalet et al., ), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS‐21: see Osman et al., ; Ronk, Korman, Hooke, & Page, ), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS: see Turk et al., ) continue to garner research attention.…”

“…Future research on the scope of evaluation of depression/anxiety in child assessment would provide a needed supplement to the current findings, particularly as there is robust research attention devoted to the study of mood disorders in children (Cook, Hausman, Jensen‐Doss, & Hawley, ; Evans, Thirlwall, Cooper, & Creswell, ). Furthermore, a perennial concern for the field has been the unresolved issue on whether anxiety and depression syndromes represent distinct disorders, both conceptually and clinically (Bardhoshi et al., ; Garcia et al., ; Stulz & Crits‐Christoph, ; Wilson et al., ); thus, continued research on the common variance of negative affectivity with regard to the Beck inventories would greatly inform our clinical understanding of this perplexing issue (see Henry & Crawford, ; Lovibond & Lovibond, ). In addition, the BDI/BAI, due to their design and format, appear to be amenable to scale modifications as conceptual advances in our understanding of depression and anxiety states emerge in the field; for example, possible inclusion of items to serve as a validity check, thus addressing key concerns regarding response bias, social desirability, and malingering.…”