The antimicrobial properties of milkfat after partial hydrolysis by calf pregastric lipase

Sun, Cynthia Q; O’Connor, Charmian J.; Roberton, Anthony M.

doi:10.1016/s0009-2797(02)00016-9

Cited by 80 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, in this study, the transmission of specific antibodies by maternal milk was not involved, since all does were seronegative for the O103 LPS. More recently, other substances present in milk have also been shown to have antimicrobial properties: defensins (19); lactoferrin (42) and its derivative, the lactoferricin (15); various enzymatic complexes like lactoperoxidase, xanthine oxidoreductase, and lysozyme (28,36,40); fucosylated oligosaccharides (10); and various fatty acids (18,27,41). It has been suggested that these components could inactivate pathogens by diverse mechanisms (growth inhibition, perturbation of adhesion) and may thereby act additively and/or synergistically (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Milk Contains Antimicrobial Factors That Protect Young Rabbits from Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection

Gallois

Gidenne

Tasca

et al. 2007

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) colibacillosis represents a major cause of lethal diarrhea in young children in developing countries. EPEC strains also infect numerous mammal species and represent a major economical problem in rabbit industry. Protection against this pathogen is a challenging goal both in humans and in other mammal species. Despite a good knowledge of the pathogenicity mechanisms of EPEC, the intrinsic and environmental factors that control the expression of EPEC virulence in mammals remain unknown. For instance, the exacerbated sensitivity of young mammals to EPEC infection is still unexplained. Our goal was to investigate if age or other factors, like milk consumption, could be determinants that trigger the disease. We used rabbits as an animal model to study the role of milk in the sensitivity to an EPEC infection. Weaned and suckling rabbits were orally inoculated with EPEC strain E22 (O103:H2:K؊) at 28 days of age, and the evolution of the disease was investigated in the two groups. In addition, in order to better characterize the interactions between milk and EPEC, we determined in vitro bacterial growth and the abilities of EPEC cells to adhere to epithelial cells in the presence of milk. Our results demonstrate a protective role of milk in vivo in association with in vitro antibacterial activity. These effects are independent of the presence of specific anti-EPEC antibodies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Milk Contains Antimicrobial Factors That Protect Young Rabbits from Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection

Gallois

Gidenne

Tasca

et al. 2007

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…Indeed, growth curves show that MCFA concentrations as low as 10 mM already have a bacteriostatic effect. There seems to be some specificity in the action of the MCFA, since capric acid is the most potent antibacterial MCFA for many gram-positive bacteria, while the MIC of caprylic acid is the lowest for E. coli (13,17,19). The antibacterial activity of the MCFA appears higher than that of published data on the activity of the SCFA (formic, acetic, propionic, and butyric acid) against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as against Salmonella (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Decrease Colonization and Invasion through hilA Suppression Shortly after Infection of Chickens with Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis

Immerseel

Buck

Boyen

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

174

126

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The most common source of Salmonella infections in humans is food of poultry origin. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis has a particular affinity for the contamination of the egg supply. In this study, the medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), caproic, caprylic, and capric acid, were evaluated for the control of Salmonella serovar Enteritidis in chickens. All MCFA were growth inhibiting at low concentrations in vitro, with caproic acid being the most potent. Contact of Salmonella serovar Enteritidis with low concentrations of MCFA decreased invasion in the intestinal epithelial cell line T84. By using transcriptional fusions between the promoter of the regulatory gene of the Salmonella pathogenicity island I, hilA, and luxCDABE genes, it was shown that all MCFA decreased the expression of hilA, a key regulator related to the invasive capacity of Salmonella. The addition of caproic acid (3 g/kg of feed) to the feed of chicks led to a significant decrease in the level of colonization of ceca and internal organs by Salmonella serovar Enteritidis at 3 days after infection of 5-day-old chicks. These results suggest that MCFA have a synergistic ability to suppress the expression of the genes required for invasion and to reduce the numbers of bacteria in vivo. Thus, MCFA are potentially useful products for reducing the level of colonization of chicks and could ultimately aid in the reduction of the number of contaminated eggs in the food supply.

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“…The mode of action is thought to be related to the detergent properties of these acids, which allow them to create pores or, at high concentrations, to cause cell lysis through cell wall degradation (12). Free fatty acids released through the actions of lipases have been shown to protect human skin against infection from opportunistic pathogens such as S. aureus (14) and to protect the gastrointestinal tract against pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, Enterococcus faecalis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (49,50). Lipases have also been associated with antibacterial activity in sand flies (4), suggesting a broad biological role for lipases in the protection against bacterial infection.…”

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confidence: 99%

Novel Antibacterial Proteins from the Microbial Communities Associated with the Sponge Cymbastela concentrica and the Green Alga Ulva australis

Yung

Burke

Lewis

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The antimicrobial properties of milkfat after partial hydrolysis by calf pregastric lipase

Cited by 80 publications

References 19 publications

Maternal Milk Contains Antimicrobial Factors That Protect Young Rabbits from Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection

Maternal Milk Contains Antimicrobial Factors That Protect Young Rabbits from Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection

Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Decrease Colonization and Invasion through hilA Suppression Shortly after Infection of Chickens with Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis

Novel Antibacterial Proteins from the Microbial Communities Associated with the Sponge Cymbastela concentrica and the Green Alga Ulva australis

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