The Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Peri-Implantitis

Abstract

Introduction. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of addition of the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy to the conventional approach in the treatment of peri-implantitis. Materials and Methods. Forty patients were randomly assigned to test or control groups. Patients were assessed at baseline and at six (T1), twelve (T2), and twenty-four (T3) weeks recording plaque index (PlI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and bleeding on probing (BOP); control group received conventional periodontal therapy, while test group received photodynamic therapy in addition to it. Result. Test group showed a 70% reduction in the plaque index values and a 60% reduction in PD values compared to the baseline. BOP and suppuration were not detectable. Control group showed a significative reduction in plaque index and PD. Discussion. Laser therapy has some advantages in comparison to traditional therapy, with faster and greater healing of the wound. Conclusion. Test group showed after 24 weeks a better value in terms of PPD, BOP, and PlI, with an average pocket depth value of 2 mm, if compared with control group (3 mm). Our results suggest that antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with diode laser and phenothiazine chloride represents a reliable adjunctive treatment to conventional therapy. Photodynamic therapy should, however, be considered a coadjuvant in the treatment of peri-implantitis associated with mechanical (scaling) and surgical (grafts) treatments.

Adjunctive photodynamic therapy improves the outcomes of peri‐implantitis: a randomized controlled trial

“…In the present study, no AE was observed in any patient of the two groups. This is in agreement with the reported safety profile of PVD . Nevertheless, once again, due to the wide choice of lasers and photosensitizers available on the market, different combinations should be explored to determine the safety profile of each one.…”

“…PDT combined with some forms of mechanical debridement can be used for the management of peri‐implantitis. Romeo et al . indicated that PDT was a useful adjunctive therapy to mechanical debridement, but that it could not replace, for now, mechanical and surgical treatment approaches.…”

“…PDT is used to treat acne, wet age‐related macular degeneration, psoriasis, herpes and cancers . Antimicrobial PDT has been suggested as an adjunct to mechanical debridement in the management of peri‐implantitis and to improve periodontal probing depth (PD), plaque index (PLI) around the implant, sulcular bleeding index (SBI) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) …”

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Different Types of Photodynamic Therapy on the Main Pathogenic Bacteria of Peri-Implantitis

“…Many studies demonstrated improvement in clinical outcomes of patients with peri-implantitis when aPDT was combined with mechanical debridement [60,80,81]. Romeo et al [82] suggested that PDT is a useful adjunct therapy but it could not replace the mechanical and surgical treatment of peri-implantitis. Similarly other studies suggest that the PDT improves the outcomes of peri-implantitis [60,83,84].…”

Antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy using methylene blue and red color diode laser on biofilm attached to sandblasted and acid-etched surface of titanium

“…More attention has been paid to noninvasive photochemical approaches for controlling infection, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), for treating peri-implantitis [15][16][17][18]. PDT involves three ingredients.…”