The antifungal agent of silver nanoparticles activated by diode laser as light source to reduce C. albicans biofilms: an in vitro study

Abstract

Candida albicans is a normal flora caused fungal infections and has the ability to form biofilms. The aim of this study was to improve the antifungal effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and the light source for reducing the biofilm survival of C. albicans. AgNPs were prepared by silver nitrate (AgNO 3) and trisodium citrate (Na 3 C 6 H 5 O 7). To determine the antifungal effect of treatments on C. albicans biofilm, samples were distributed into four groups; L + P+ was treatment with laser irradiation and AgNPs; L + P− was treatment with laser irradiation only; L − P+ was treatment with AgNPs only (control positive); L − P− was no treatment with laser irradiation or AgNPs (control negative). The growth of fungi had been monitored by measuring the optical density at 405 nm with ELISA reader. The particle size of AgNPs was measured by using (particle size analyzer) and the zeta potential of AgNPs was measured by using Malvern zetasizer. The PSA test showed that the particle size of AgNPs was distributed between 7.531-5559.644 nm. The zeta potentials were found lower than − 30 mV with pH of 7, 9 or 11. The reduction percentage was analyzed by ANOVA test. The highest reduction difference was given at a lower level irradiation because irradiation with a density energy of 6.13 ± 0.002 J/cm 2 resulted in the biofilm reduction of 7.07 ± 0.23% for the sample without AgNPs compared to the sample with AgNPs that increased the biofilm reduction of 64.48 ± 0.07%. The irradiation with a 450nm light source had a significant fungicidal effect on C. albicans biofilm. The combination of light source and AgNPs provides an increase of biofilm reduction compared to the light source itself.

In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized with Beech Bark Extract

“…They may also act against biofilms by their intrinsic bioactivity or as nanocarriers (drug delivery systems) [42]. There are a few studies that present the inhibitory effect of AgNPs on biofilm formation, especially for C. albicans [43][44][45][46], with one study even indicating a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on biofilm formation and against pre-formed biofilms [47]. Another recent study [48] demonstrated dose-dependent and size-dependent antibiofilm activity for AgNPs, with the smaller size AgNPs (7.0 ± 1.6 nm) being more effective.…”

The effects of laser diode treatment on liver dysfunction of Mus musculus due to carbofuran exposure: An in vivo study

“…Laser has a coherent and monochromatic beam, so its energy is more focused than other conventional light sources [14]. One of the laser interactions with tissue is the photochemical effect.…”

The Efficacy of Photodynamic Inactivation with Laser Diode on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm with Various Ages of Biofilm

“…The light source used is a blue diode laser with a wavelength (403,000±0.007) nm and power (27.65±0.01) mW, suitable with the endogenous photosensitizer spectrum of bacteria. 15 The characterization results showed the stability of the laser intensity at (300,000±0.005) seconds after being turned on. Laser irradiation on biofilms was carried out for 30 s, 60 s, 90 s, 120 s and 150 s. The value of the density of the laser energy is calculated using Eq.…”

“…The combination of light at certain wavelengths with photosensitizers in antimicrobial photodynamics will produce radical reactive oxygen species (ROS) products that can cause bacterial cell lysis. 15 Zanin et al conducted a study to demonstrate the effectiveness of PDI in reducing the biofilm of Streptococcus mutans bacteria using LEDs and HeNe lasers. 16 The biofilm used has a variation in age of 3 days, 7 days and 10 days.…”