The anti-inflammatory properties of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad essential oil attenuate the effects of traumatic brain injuries in rats

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health concern affecting the general public as well as military personnel. However, there is no FDA-approved therapy for the treatment of TBIs. In this work, we investigated the neurotherapeutic effects of the well-known natural Iranian medicine Satureja Khuzistanica Jamzad (SKJ) essential oil (SKEO) on the outcomes of diffused experimental TBI, with particular attention paid to its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Male Wistar rats were treated with doses of 50, 100 and 200 (mg/kg, i.p) SKEO after induction of diffused TBIs. The results showed that injecting SKEO (200 mg/kg) 30 minutes after TBI significantly reduced brain oedema and damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and limited the post-TBI increase in intracranial pressure. The veterinary coma scale (VCS) scores significantly improved in the treatment group. Also, inflammatory marker assays showed reduced levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and increased IL-10 in the treated groups. Moreover, the immunohistochemical results indicated that SKEO not only reduced neuronal death and BBB permeability but also affected astrocytic activation. Overall, our data indicate potential clinical neurological applications for SKEO.

Medicinal plants in traumatic brain injury: Neuroprotective mechanisms revisited

“…R. drynariae has been shown to have a protective role in TBI‐induced brain damage, potentially mediated by its immune‐promoting, anti‐inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects . In a WDIAI model of TBI, S. khuzistanica has been shown to play a crucial role in reducing edema formation and infarct through its anti‐inflammatory action and by reducing neuronal loss . The neuroprotective effect of baicalin in TBI‐induced brain injury could be potentially mediated via inhibition of pro‐inflammatory cytokines …”

“…There was also a reduction in intracranial pressure, BBB permeability, and neuronal death and an increase in IL-10 level and numbers of viable astrocytes in the treated groups. 202…”

Enrichment of Eucalyptus oil nanoemulsion by micellar nanotechnology: transdermal analgesic activity using hot plate test in rats’ assay

“…Analgesic properties that naturally present as among main constituent of essential oils have been revealed by several researchers 4–7 . Some of essential oils were demonstrated with successful analgesic activities, which possess to be high potential as alternative of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 8,9 . NSAIDs are the synthetic analgesic drugs which widely commercialized in pharmaceutical industries and clinically proven to be consumed as a pain reliever agent for many ailments.…”

Scientific researches for development future. Conference Proceedings

“…It is used in medicine for diuretic, treatment of nervous diseases, liver and kidney. Its extract has antibacterial properties, and the oil made from Savory helps with various diseases of the stomach and other internal organs [16,17]. As shown in the table, in July 2015, 601.4 mg / 100 g of Protocrocaine in saffron flower was present in the Imereti region, which is 27.7 mg / 100 g higher than that of saffron flower in Guria-Samegrelo region and 16.8 mg / 100 g. more than in Kartli.…”