Enrichment of Eucalyptus oil nanoemulsion by micellar nanotechnology: transdermal analgesic activity using hot plate test in rats’ assay

Abstract

Eucalyptus globulus is an aromatic medicinal plant which known for its 1,8-cineole main pharmacological constituent exhibits as natural analgesic agent. Eucalyptus globulus-loaded micellar nanoparticle was developed via spontaneous emulsification technique and further evaluation for its analgesic efficacy study, in vivo analgesic activity assay in rats. The nanoemulsion system containing Eucalyptus-micelles was optimized at different surfactant types (Tween 40, 60 and 80) and concentrations (3.0, 6.0, 9.0, 12.0, 15.0, and 18.0 wt. %). These formulations were characterized by thermodynamically stability, viscosity, micelles particle size, pH, and morphology structure. The spontaneous emulsification technique offered a greener micelles formation in nanoemulsion system by slowly titrated of organic phase, containing Eucalyptus globulus (active compound), grape seed oil (carrier oil) and hydrophilic surfactant into aqueous phase, and continuously stirred for 30 min to form a homogeneity solution. The characterizations evaluation revealed an optimized formulation with Tween 40 surfactant type at 9.0 wt. % of surfactant concentration promoted the most thermodynamic stability, smaller micelles particle size (d = 17.13 ± 0.035 nm) formed with spherical shape morphological structure, and suitable in viscosity (≈2.3 cP) and pH value (6.57) for transdermal purpose. The in vivo analgesic activity assay of optimized emulsion showed that the transdermal administration of micellar nanoparticle of Eucalyptus globulus on fore and hind limb of rats, possessed the central and peripheral analgesic effects by prolonged the rats pain responses towards the heat stimulus after being put on top of hot plate (55 °C), with longest time responses, 40.75 s at 60 min after treatment administration. Thus, this study demonstrated that micellar nanoparticle of Eucalyptus globulus formed in nanoemulsion system could be promising as an efficient transdermal nanocarrier for the analgesic therapy alternative.

Effects of Different Doses of Eucalyptus Oil From Eucalyptus globulus Labill on Respiratory Tract Immunity and Immune Function in Healthy Rats

“…It is an aromatic medicinal plant with main pharmacological constituent 1,8-cineole ( Yadav and Chandra, 2017 ) also known as eucalyptol ( de Cássia da Silveira e Sá et al, 2013 ). Independent studies have reported anti-inflammatory properties of eucalyptus oil (EO) and its principle component eucalyptol (1,8- cineole) ( Santos and Rao, 2000 ; Silva et al, 2003 ; Sadlon and Lamson, 2010 ; Yadav and Chandra, 2017 ), which, depending on the source species of eucalyptus, accounts for up to 75% of eucalyptus oil’s content ( Aziz et al, 2019 ). Essential oils of various eucalyptus species are utilized in the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries ( Marzoug et al, 2011 ).…”

Design of multicomponent indomethacin‐paracetamol and famotidine loaded nanoparticles for sustained and effective anti‐inflammatory therapy

“…The formed transparent solution of the micelle structure represents ultra‐small micelles formation that is dispersed in the aqueous phase. The very small size of the formed micelle is due to the addition of the oil‐soluble D‐limonene that could easily homogenize the formed aggregates of the surfactants and facilitate the diffusion of the surfactant in the aqueous phase (Aziz et al, 2019; Chang et al, 2013; Chang & McClements, 2014; Kuznetsova et al, 2020). Moreover, the utilization of the ultrasonication has additional assistance to ease the formation of ultrasmall micellar structure (Li & Chiang, 2012).…”

Dexmedetomidine and levobupivacaine co-loaded, transcriptional transactivator peptide modified nanostructured lipid carriers or lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles, which performed better for local anesthetic therapy?

“…Hot plate test in rats is one of in vivo analgesic study that assessed by measuring the rats’ pain responses toward thermal stimulus after being put on top of the hot plate (Aziz et al. 2019 ). Rats exposed to NLCs and LPNs were subjected to the hot plate test to determine the effects on pain relief compared with free drugs.…”