The anti-herpes simplex virus activity of n-docosanol includes inhibition of the viral entry process

Pope, L. S.; Marcelletti, John F.; Katz, Lee R.; Lin, Janet Y; Katz, David H.; Parish, Mary Lynn; Spear, Patricia G.

doi:10.1016/s0166-3542(98)00048-5

Cited by 77 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These compounds may be responsible for the observed activity. Fatty acid-treated cells are resistant to infection by a variety of lipid-enveloped viruses, including herpes viruses (Pope et al, 1998). The chemical profiles of the crude extracts, obtained by the use of 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy, showed the presence of triacylglycerols and a mixture of fatty acids as the major components in these extracts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral activity of extracts from Brazilian seaweeds against herpes simplex virus

Soares¹,

Robaina²,

Mendes³

et al. 2012

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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Organic extracts of 36 species of marine algae (sixteen species of Rhodophyta, eight species of Ochrophyta and twelve species of Chlorophyta) from seven locations on the Brazilian coast were evaluated for their anti-HSV-1 and anti-HSV-2 activity resistant to Acyclovir (ACV). Activity tests in crude extracts, followed by the identification of the major compounds present, were performed for all species. The chemical profiles of all crude extracts were obtained by 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy. The percentage of extracts with antiviral activity was higher for HSV-1 (86.1%) than for HSV-2 (55.5%). The green algae Ulva fasciata and Codium decorticatum both showed the highest activity (99.9%) against HSV-1, with triacylglycerols and fatty acids as the major components. The red alga Laurencia dendroidea showed good activity against HSV-1 (97.5%) and the halogenated sesquiterpenes obtusol and (-)-elatol were identified as the major components in the extract. Against HSV-2, the green alga Penicillus capitatus (Chlorophyta) and Stypopodium zonale (Ochrophyta) were the most active (96.0 and 95.8%). Atomaric acid, a meroditerpene, was identified as the major secondary metabolite in the S. zonale extract. These results reinforce the role of seaweeds as important sources of compounds with the potential to enter into the pipeline for development of new drugs against herpes simplex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral activity of extracts from Brazilian seaweeds against herpes simplex virus

Soares¹,

Robaina²,

Mendes³

et al. 2012

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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show abstract

“…This indicated that the ME base did not possess antiviral activity. It was reported that the topical anti-HSV agent, n-docosanol, may inhibit early events in viral replication (50). The cream formulation was previously studied, and the application of 10-20% w/w OR cream five times daily was effective compared with the untreated control (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microemulsion-Based Oxyresveratrol for Topical Treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection: Physicochemical Properties and Efficacy in Cutaneous HSV-1 Infection in Mice

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The physicochemical properties of the optimized microemulsion and the permeating ability of oxyresveratrol in microemulsion were evaluated, and the efficacy of oxyresveratrol microemulsion in cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in mice was examined. The optimized microemulsion was composed of 10% w/w of isopropyl myristate, 35% w/w of Tween 80, 35% w/w of isopropyl alcohol, and 20% w/w of water. The mean particle diameter was 9.67±0.58 nm, and the solubility of oxyresveratrol in the microemulsion was 196.34±0.80 mg/ml. After accelerated and long-term stability testing, the microemulsion base and oxyresveratrol-loaded microemulsion were stable. The cumulative amount of oxyresveratrol permeating through shed snake skin from microemulsion at 6 h was 93.04 times compared to that of oxyresveratrol from Vaseline, determined at 20% w/w concentration. In cutaneous HSV-1 infection in mice, oxyresveratrol microemulsion at 20%, 25%, and 30% w/w, topically applied five times daily for 7 days after infection, was significantly effective in delaying the development of skin lesions and protecting from death (p<0.05) compared with the untreated control. Oxyresveratrol microemulsion at 25% and 30% w/w was significantly more effective than that of 30% w/w of oxyresveratrol in Vaseline (p<0.05) and was as effective as 5% w/w of acyclovir cream, topically applied five times daily (p>0.05). These results demonstrated that topical oxyresveratrol microemulsion at 20-30% w/w was suitable for cutaneous HSV-1 mouse infection.

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“…The remaining 15% is made up of other alcohols, namely, tetracosanol, heptacosanol, docosanol, nonacosanol, and tetratriacontanol, which are the minor components. 16 Several reports, including many clinical trials, have shown that policosanols have significant health-promoting activities such as the reduction of lipid levels, [17][18][19][20][21] platelet aggregation reduction, 22 antiviral activity, 23 reduction of prostate enlargement, and relief of intermittent claudication. 24 In contrast, there are conflicting findings about the efficacy of policosanol, particularly with regard to lowering lipid levels.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of rice bran wax policosanol and its nanoemulsion formulation

Ishaka¹,

Imam²,

Mahamud³

et al. 2014

IJN

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Policosanol, a mixture of long-chain alcohols found in animal and plant waxes, has several biological effects; however, it has a bioavailability of less than 10%. Therefore, there is a need to improve its bioavailability, and one of the ways of doing this is by nanoemulsion formulation. Different droplet size distributions are usually achieved when emulsions are formed, which solely depends on the preparation method used. Mostly, emulsions are intended for better delivery with maintenance of the characteristics and properties of the leading components. In this study, policosanol was extracted from rice bran wax, its composition was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry, nanoemulsion was made, and the physical stability characteristics were determined. The results showed that policosanol nanoemulsion has a nanosize particle distribution below 100 nm (92.56–94.52 nm), with optimum charge distribution (−55.8 to −45.12 mV), pH (6.79–6.92) and refractive index (1.50); these were monitored and found to be stable for 8 weeks. The stability of policosanol nanoemulsion confers the potential to withstand long storage times.

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The anti-herpes simplex virus activity of n-docosanol includes inhibition of the viral entry process

Cited by 77 publications

References 19 publications

Antiviral activity of extracts from Brazilian seaweeds against herpes simplex virus

Antiviral activity of extracts from Brazilian seaweeds against herpes simplex virus

Microemulsion-Based Oxyresveratrol for Topical Treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection: Physicochemical Properties and Efficacy in Cutaneous HSV-1 Infection in Mice

Characterization of rice bran wax policosanol and its nanoemulsion formulation

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