The anti-fatigue potential of water-soluble polysaccharides of Semen cassiae on BALB/c mice

Abstract

Fatigue syndrome is a major health problem that affects the voluntary activities of an individual. Particularly, exercise-induced fatigue has become a serious concern in people's health. Since polysaccharides from various medicinal plants have been reported for anti-fatigue effect, the current study deals with the anti-fatigue potential of water-soluble polysaccharides of the Chinese medicinal plant Semen cassiae (Cassia obtusifolia L.) in BALB/c mice. Water-soluble polysaccharides from Semen cassiae were extracted using aqueous solvent (water). An orthogonal test design was employed for the optimization of polysaccharide extraction. The conditions optimized through this design unveiled the raw materials to solvent ratio as 1:30. The optimal temperature and time duration were found to be 80°C and 3.5 h, respectively. The yield of soluble polysaccharides at these specified conditions was 5.42%. Strikingly, the water-soluble polysaccharide from S. cassiae exhibited strong anti-fatigue activity at 100 mg/kg in BALB/c mice. S. cassiae polysaccharide extended the weight-loaded swimming duration in BALB/c mice. In addition, it ameliorated the level of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX) while decreased the blood urea nitrogen, creatine phosphokinase, triglyceride, lactic acid, lactate dehydrogenase, and malondialdehyde levels in blood serum. Moreover, the assessment of the immunomodulatory effect of S. cassia polysaccharides unveiled the enhancement of B-cell and T-cell lymphocytes, denoting the positive effect on physical immunity.

Dietary Polysaccharides Exert Anti-Fatigue Functions via the Gut-Muscle Axis: Advances and Prospectives

“…In an experiment involving the forced swimming of mice, it was shown that LBP1-decorated selenium nanoparticles (LBP1-SeNPs) were able to mitigate fatigue by increasing the reserve of glycogen in the liver and muscles [ 79 ]. This result was consistent with most other findings [ 14 , 17 , 70 ]. Importantly, adenosine 5‘- monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator that senses the energy state, maintains glucose homeostasis, and mediates beneficial cellular adaptations in many vital tissues and organs [ 83 ].…”

“…Polysaccharides have been considered to be a new natural and effective anti-fatigue substance [ 9 ]. Some natural polysaccharides, such as Semen cassiae ( Cassia obtusifolia L.) [ 14 ], Ganoderma lucidum [ 15 ], Lycium barbarum [ 68 ], Cordyceps militaris [ 69 ], and apple pomace [ 70 ], exert beneficial anti-fatigue effects via different pathways ( Figure 1 ). The monosaccharide composition and the anti-fatigue mechanisms of natural polysaccharides are summarized in Table 1 .…”

“…Several reviews have suggested that polysaccharides are natural and effective substances that exert antifatigue activities [ 3 , 9 , 13 ]. Natural polysaccharides can exert anti-fatigue activity in different manners, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are mainly related to improving energy metabolism [ 14 ], eliminating excess metabolites [ 15 ], enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis [ 16 ], enhancing immune function [ 17 ], inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory response [ 18 ], regulating neurotransmitters [ 19 ], etc. At the same time, these mechanisms also interact and exert mutual regulation.…”

Effects of Dendrobium officinale ultrafine powder on sub-health mice induced by unhealthy lifestyle based on neuroendocrine immune system

“…Plasma levels of LD, LDH, and BUN were determined by the instruction of corresponding kits. 15,16 The liver and gastrocnemius of mice were also taken to determine the content of liver glycogen and muscle glycogen. All parameters were tested following the recommended procedures by the manufacturers of the respective kits.…”

The Anti-Fatigue Effect of Glycoprotein from Hairtail Fish (Trichiurus lepturus) on BALB/c Mice

“…In recent years, the application of natural products in nutritional intervention for fatigue has attracted increased attention [ 1 ]. Anti-fatigue active substances such as polypeptides [ 16 ], polysaccharides [ 17 , 18 ], and proteins [ 19 ] are characterized by high safety, no side effects, and significant efficacy. Therefore, using natural active ingredients to develop natural functional products has become an urgent need in the market.…”