The anthelmintic effect of plant extracts on Haemonchus contortus and Strongyloides venezuelensis

Abstract

The indiscriminate use of anthelmintics has resulted in the establishment of parasite resistance. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antiparasitic effect of plant extracts on Haemonchus contortus in sheep and the in vivo effect on Strongyloides venezuelensis in Rattus norvegicus. The plant extracts from Piper tuberculatum, Lippia sidoides, Mentha piperita, Hura crepitans and Carapa guianensis, produced at different research institutions, were chemically analyzed and evaluated through the egg hatch test (EHT) and larval development test (LDT) in H. contortus. P. tuberculatum (150 and 250 mg kg(-1) of body weight) was evaluated for its anthelmintic action on R. norvegicus experimentally infected with S. venezuelensis. In the EHT, the LC(50) and LC(90) of the extracts were respectively as follows: 0.031 and 0.09 mg mL(-1) for P. tuberculatum, 0.04 and 0.13 mg mL(-1) for L. sidoides, 0.037 and 0.10 mg mL(-1) for M. piperita, 2.16 and 17.13 mg mL(-1) for H. crepitans and 2.03 × 10(-6) and 1.22 × 10(-12) mg mL(-1) for C. guianensis. In the LDT, the LC(50) and LC(90) were respectively: 0.02 and 0.031 mg mL(-1) for P. tuberculatum, 0.002 and 0.04 mg mL(-1) for L. sidoides, 0.018 and 0.03 mg mL(-1) for M. piperita, 0.36 and 0.91 mg mL(-1) for H. crepitans and 17.65 and 1890 mg mL(-1) for C. guianensis. The extract of P. tuberculatum showed the following substances: piperamides as (Z)-piplartine, (E)-piplartine, 8,9-dihydropiplartine, piperine, 10,11-dihydropiperine, 5,6 dihydropiperlongumine and pellitorine. The major compounds of the oils were thymol (76.6%) for L. sidoides, menthol (27.5%) for M. piperita and oleic acid (46.8%) for C. guianensis. Regarding the in vivo test, neither dose of P. tuberculatum caused any significant reduction (P>0.05) in worm burden and fecal egg counts compared with the control group. We conclude that the extracts of P. tuberculatum, L. sidoides and M. piperita have effective activity when tested in vitro, but the doses of the extract of P. tuberculatum have no effect when employed in in vivo tests.

Estudo da atividade anti-helmíntica do extrato etanólico de Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill. (Euphorbiaceae) sob Haemonchus contortus em ovinos no semiárido paraibano

“…Porém, estudos apontam a eficácia anti-helmíntica de plantas da mesma família. No Brasil, Carvalho et al (2012), constataram a eficácia in vitro de Hura crepitans na inibição do desenvolvimento larval de Haemonchus contortus em ovinos e Lone et al (2012), in vivo com Euphorbia helioscopia.…”

Chemical composition and in vitro activity of Calotropis procera (Ait.) latex on Haemonchus contortus

“…In this study, EAECPL inhibited the egg hatching of H. contortus (EC50 of 1.6 mg/ml), presenting ovicidal activity greater than other plant extracts such as the crude latex Hura creptans (EC50 of 2.16 mg/ml) (Carvalho et al, 2012). Similarly, the EAECPL showed larvicidal effect (EC50 = 0.22 mg/ml) superior to the other extracts, dichloromethane and aqueous extracts of Musa paradisiaca leaves (EC50 = 0.37 and 0.36 mg/mL, respectively) (Marie-Magdeleine et al, 2014).…”

A Review: Herbal Medicine as an Effective Therapeutic Approach for Treating Digestive Disorders in Small Ruminants

“…Future research into additional medicinal plants that could be of interest is needed. 6-Herbal medicine as an alternative treatment for gastrointestinal nematodes GIT parasitism remains one of the major health and economic problems in small ruminant husbandry worldwide, particularly in ruminants owned by the poor populations (Canul-Ku et al, 2012;Carvalho et al, 2012). The most common gastrointestinal parasite species found in small ruminants are listed in Table 2.…”