The anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve: prevalence, measurement of its length and a recommendation for interforaminal implant installation based on cone beam CT imaging

Apostolakis, Dimitrios; Brown, Jackie

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02261.x

Cited by 124 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…As in other studies 2,35 , the results of the present study showed no statistically significant differences related to gender or to the right and left sides. However, other investigations 8,10,31,[33][34] have demonstrated that males have longer AL extensions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Analysis of anatomical landmarks of the mandibular interforaminal region using CBCT in a Brazilian population

Genu¹,

Vasconcellos²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2014

Braz. J. Oral Sci.

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Aim: To evaluate the position, presence, appearance and extent of various anatomical landmarks in the mandibular interforaminal region of Brazilian patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: A total of 142 CBCT examinations were analyzed to determine the most common location of the mental foramen (MF), the presence and extent of the anterior loop (AL) of the inferior alveolar nerve, and the appearance and length of the incisive canal (IC). The presence of sexual dimorphism and differences with relation to the left and right sides were also evaluated. Results: Most of the MF (45.5%) was located below the second premolar. The AL and the IC were observed in 18.9 and 96.5% of the images respectively. The average length of AL and IC was 3.14±1.25 mm and 13.68±5.94 mm respectively. No significant differences (p>0.05) between genders or left and right sides were observed for all evaluated parameters. Conclusions: The most common location of the MF, the high rate of visualization of the IC and the occasional presence of AL in the studied Brazilian population demonstrate the importance of using threedimensional images of the mandibular anterior region, allowing proper surgical planning and preventing injury to the neurovascular bundle.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Analysis of anatomical landmarks of the mandibular interforaminal region using CBCT in a Brazilian population

Genu¹,

Vasconcellos²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2014

Braz. J. Oral Sci.

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“…1 Anatomic variations of the mandibular canal have been reported in studies using both PANs and CBCT. [2][3][4][5][6] The reported rate of bifid mandibular canals (BMCs) on PAN ranged from 0.08% to 8.30%, whereas on CBCT, it ranged from 10% to 66%. 3,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13] One type of BMC is the retromolar canal, which ends in the retromolar foramen (RF).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descriptive study of the bifid mandibular canals and retromolar foramina: cone beam CTvspanoramic radiography

Muinelo-Lorenzo

Suárez‐Quintanilla²,

Fernández-Alonso³

et al. 2014

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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Objectives: To examine the presence and morphologic characteristics of bifid mandibular canals (BMCs) and retromolar foramens (RFs) using cone beam CT (CBCT) and to determine their visualization on panoramic radiographs (PANs). Methods: A sample of 225 CBCT examinations was analysed for the presence of BMCs, as well as length, height, diameter and angle. The diameter of the RF was also determined. Subsequently, corresponding PANs were analysed to determine whether the BMCs and RFs were visible or not. Results: The BMCs were observed on CBCT in 83 out of the 225 patients (36.8%). With respect to gender, statistically significant differences were found in the number of BMCs. There were also significant differences in anatomical characteristics of the types of BMCs. Only 37.8% of the BMCs and 32.5% of the RFs identified on CBCT were also visible on PANs. The diameter had a significant effect on the capability of PANs to visualize BMCs and RFs (B 5 0.791, p 5 0.035; B 5 1.900, p 5 0.017, respectively). Conclusions: PANs are unable to sufficiently identify BMCs and RFs. The diameter of these anatomical landmarks represents a relevant factor for visualization on PANs. Pre-operative images using only PANs may lead to underestimation of the presence of BMCs and to surgical complications and anaesthetic failures, which could have been avoided. For true determination of BMCs, a CBCT device should be considered better than a PAN.

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“…Nowadays, there are more accurate techniques such as CT scans, especially the conebeam type that provides a three dimensional (3D) image showing maximum details and using low exposure doses [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Distance Between the Mental Foramina using ConeBeam Computed Tomography: A Pilot Study with a Possible Method for Planning Mandibular Implants

Marieiro¹,

Ferreira²,

Deluiz³

et al. 2017

Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr.

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Objective: To identify the average number of dental implants that can be placed in the lower anterior region to support a fixed mandibular prosthesis based on the distance between the mental foramina, using a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan through a new method of measurement. Material and Methods: Eighty-two CT scans from a total sample of 1,465 exams were selected. The method to measure the space between the foramina was developed using the BlueSky Plan3 software in Dicom format and the axial reconstruction views were chosen for measurements. Descriptive analysis of data was conducted categorical variables were compared using the χ2 test (p <0.05). Results: The mean age of individuals who underwent the scans was 63.51 ± 9.49 years old with a minimum and maximum age of 40 and 86 years old, respectively. The mean linear measurement between the foramina was 40.52 ± 3.92mm. In males the mean distance was 41.93 ± 3.98 mm, and for females it was 39.99 ± 3.80mm, with a significant difference between the means (p = 0.043). There was no positive association between the presence of the anterior loop and gender (p = 0.719). The results showed that the vast majority of subjects (n = 80) could be rehabilitated using a protocol with 4 implants of 3.3mm diameters. Conclusion: Seventy-seven patients would be able to receive protocols of 4 implants with diameters of 3.75 or 4.0mm, and only 4 subjects would be able to be rehabilitated with 6 implants with diameters of 3.75 mm according to the protocol originally described by Brånemark.

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The anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve: prevalence, measurement of its length and a recommendation for interforaminal implant installation based on cone beam CT imaging

Cited by 124 publications

References 27 publications

Analysis of anatomical landmarks of the mandibular interforaminal region using CBCT in a Brazilian population

Analysis of anatomical landmarks of the mandibular interforaminal region using CBCT in a Brazilian population

Descriptive study of the bifid mandibular canals and retromolar foramina: cone beam CTvspanoramic radiography

Measurement of Distance Between the Mental Foramina using ConeBeam Computed Tomography: A Pilot Study with a Possible Method for Planning Mandibular Implants

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