The anodic bbhaviour of mercury in hydroxide ion solutions

Armstrong, R.D.; Fleischmann, M.; Thirsk, H. R.

doi:10.1016/0022-0728(66)80083-9

Cited by 143 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In the literature, many authors such Amstrong et al, 19 Abyaneh and Fleishmann, 20,21 Scharifker and Hills, 22 Heerman and Tarallo 23 etc, have developed nucleation and growth mathematic models that are frequently used to describe the growth process using chronoamperometry. At present, the most used nucleating model for describing the electro-crystallization process is the one developed by Scharifker and Hills (SH).…”

Section: Chronoamperometry (Current Transients I Vs T)-in This Resementioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleation and Growth Mechanism of Ni/TiO₂Nanoparticles Electro-Codeposition

Benea

Dănăilă

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The mechanism of TiO 2 nanoparticles electro-codeposition with nickel is studied. In-situ different electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, chronoamperometry and chronocoulometry are used. The nucleation and growth mechanism of nickel in absence and presence of different nanoparticles concentration are analyzed through a mathematical model. The nucleation process of pure Ni system tends to follow the progressive model with three-dimensional fashion, while Ni/TiO 2 codeposition follows an instantaneous nucleation model. The presence of nanoparticles on the cathode offers many favorable sites for nickel crystallization nucleation, promote electrodeposition process and change the preferred orientation of nickel to a random one. The opportunity to codeposit inert nanoparticles from electrolytic baths has been widely used in metal electrodeposition in order to obtain structured nanocomposite coatings.1 Among the various techniques for producing nanostructured materials, electro-codeposition is technologically feasible and economically superior because this method can easily provide metal matrix nanocomposite coatings on surfaces of different sizes and shapes without porosity, with layer thicknesses from a few nanometers to hundreds of micrometers, or as a multilayer. Also this electrochemical method shows high production efficiency and the technological transfer from the laboratory to the existing infrastructure in the electroplating industry is easy.2 Compared to pure metal coatings, the nanostructured materials exhibit a wide range of new properties, such as increased resistance to wear and corrosion, improved mechanical properties (hardness, tensile strength, yield strength) and good electrocatalytic properties. 1,3Although the electro-codeposition process has aroused over time the interest of researchers for the development and characterization of metal matrix nanocomposites able to meet specific requirements, the theory of particles incorporation mechanisms is not well studied, being yet unclear. In addition such incorporating mechanism depends on each separate system (metal matrix-dispersed phase).In order to improve the properties to microhardness, wear and corrosion of the pure nickel coating, a variety of micro and nanometric sized particles such as Although in the scientific journals, many papers dealing with the electro-codeposition of Ni/TiO 2 composite coatings and their performance 9,11-13 the literature reporting the nucleation and growth mechanisms involved in the electro-codeposition of Ni/nano-TiO 2 layers by electrochemical methods is still scare. Nucleation and growth kinetics of the composite layers are the most important steps that determine the physico-chemical properties of the electrodeposited material and therefore these are crucial issues in understanding and controlling composite coatings. The electrochemical characterization of the nucleation process is generally done by collecting different types of transient current obtained when po...

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Section: Chronoamperometry (Current Transients I Vs T)-in This Resementioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleation and Growth Mechanism of Ni/TiO₂Nanoparticles Electro-Codeposition

Benea

Dănăilă

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Inhibition process may be described assuming time dependent rate constant of the vertical growth process. Such processes were assumed earlier by Armstrong et al [55] for 3D growth process leading to passivation with the vertical rate constant described as: k ~ exp(-a t 3 ) and by Bosco and Rangarajan [48] (who corrected earlier errors). A two-rate model, in which the rates in horizontal and vertical directions were different, was first introduced by Armstrong et al [55] for a conical growth, Abyaneh [53,54] for hemospheroidal growth (the growth crossection is an ellipse) and discussed in detail by Bosco and Rangarajan [48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Such processes were assumed earlier by Armstrong et al [55] for 3D growth process leading to passivation with the vertical rate constant described as: k ~ exp(-a t 3 ) and by Bosco and Rangarajan [48] (who corrected earlier errors). A two-rate model, in which the rates in horizontal and vertical directions were different, was first introduced by Armstrong et al [55] for a conical growth, Abyaneh [53,54] for hemospheroidal growth (the growth crossection is an ellipse) and discussed in detail by Bosco and Rangarajan [48]. Li and Lasia [46] used a partial inhibition model to explain hard gold electrocrystallization with instantaneous three-dimensional (3D) nucleation and growth, in which the vertical growth is described by two rate constants, one time independent and other time dependent, decreasing exponentially:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Kinetics of Electrocrystallization of PbO[sub 2] on Glassy Carbon Electrodes Partial Inhibition of the Progressive Three-Dimensional Nucleation and Growth

González-Garcı́a

Gallud

Iniesta

et al. 2000

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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SUMMARYElectrocrystallization of PbO 2 on glassy carbon electrodes was studied in 1 M HNO 3 + 0.1 M Pb(NO 3 ) 2 using cyclic voltammetry, rotating disk electrode, chronoamperometry and scanning electron microscopy. In order to explain the experimental curves a new theory of threedimensional nucleation and progressive growth was developed and applied to analyse the experimental chronoamperometric curves. Numerical approximations led to the determination of kinetic parameters.

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“…The geometric models for 2D and 3D nucleation and growth of anodic films that have been developed (1 1,12) treat the growth kinetics in terms of two growth rates and the nucleation rate. The growth rates involved are the lateral growth rate, kl, representing the crystal growth parallel to the plane surface of the electrode, and the vertical growth rate, k2, describing the growth perpendicular to the electrode surface.…”

Section: (B) Potential Step Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental transients can be analyzed to give values for the parameters k2 and k :~ from the current maximum in the transient, i,, and the time to the current maximum, t,. For 3D nucleation and growth the equations for i, and t, are, (12) There have been some discussions concerning the validity of certain aspects of the 3D model (13) but this article will not deal with this question.…”

Section: (B) Potential Step Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of ammonium lignosulphonate as an expander on the formation of PbSO₄ on lead amalgam electrodes

Barradas¹,

Rennie²,

VanderNoot³

1985

Can. J. Chem.

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. Linear potential sweeps and potentiostatic pulse perturbations have been employed to investigate the influence of the expander ammonium lignosulphonate, on the anodic formation of PbS04 on lead amalgam electrodes in sulphuric acid solutions at 24°C. It was found that the expander strongly adsorbs onto the clean amalgam surface thus affecting the formation of the PbS0, film. The expander increased the charge necessary for passivation, inhibited the cathodic reduction of the film, and produced a more porous film. Evidence is given for the presence of an optimum concentration of expander. Some speculations concerning the mode of action of the expander onto the amalgam surface are presented. [Traduit par le journal]

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The anodic bbhaviour of mercury in hydroxide ion solutions

Cited by 143 publications

References 18 publications

Nucleation and Growth Mechanism of Ni/TiO₂Nanoparticles Electro-Codeposition

Nucleation and Growth Mechanism of Ni/TiO₂Nanoparticles Electro-Codeposition

Kinetics of Electrocrystallization of PbO[sub 2] on Glassy Carbon Electrodes Partial Inhibition of the Progressive Three-Dimensional Nucleation and Growth

The influence of ammonium lignosulphonate as an expander on the formation of PbSO₄ on lead amalgam electrodes

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The anodic bbhaviour of mercury in hydroxide ion solutions

Cited by 143 publications

References 18 publications

Nucleation and Growth Mechanism of Ni/TiO2Nanoparticles Electro-Codeposition

Nucleation and Growth Mechanism of Ni/TiO2Nanoparticles Electro-Codeposition

Kinetics of Electrocrystallization of PbO[sub 2] on Glassy Carbon Electrodes Partial Inhibition of the Progressive Three-Dimensional Nucleation and Growth

The influence of ammonium lignosulphonate as an expander on the formation of PbSO4 on lead amalgam electrodes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Nucleation and Growth Mechanism of Ni/TiO₂Nanoparticles Electro-Codeposition

Nucleation and Growth Mechanism of Ni/TiO₂Nanoparticles Electro-Codeposition

The influence of ammonium lignosulphonate as an expander on the formation of PbSO₄ on lead amalgam electrodes