The anode surface temperature of CuCr contacts at the limit of current interruption

Watanabe, Kenji; Sato, Junichi; Kagenaga, K.; Somei, H.; Homma, M.; Kaneko, Eiji; Takahashi, H.

doi:10.1109/deiv.1996.545368

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The results also showed that the anode surface began to active in the mode II. These results agreed with the results obtained by Watanabe et al [6] and Niwa et al [7]. Moreover, the Japanese researchers introduced an indicator called melting time to describe the decay of anode surface temperature after interrupting a high-current and believed that the interruption capacity of a VCB was associated with the duration of melting time directly.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Dielectric recovery strength after vacuum arc extinctions

Wang

Tian

et al. 2014

2014 International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)

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Anode surface temperature after interrupting a vacuum arc has a significant impact on the interruption capacity of a vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) because it dominates metal vapor evaporation. The objective of this paper is to theoretically investigate the relationship between breakdown voltages and anode surface temperatures after current zero. A heat transfer model was established to describe the temperature development on an anode surface, taking account of phase transition processes. The contact material was copper. Moreover, PIC-MCC was adopted to simulate the breakdown voltages in a range of metal vapor density. The calculated results verified the two decay modes of anode surface temperature after current zero proposed by our experiments. The metal vapor density evaporated from an anode surface was positive correlated with its temperature. The breakdown voltage was negative correlated with the anode temperature. A higher surface temperature results in a higher probability of breakdown. Thus, it is better to keep the initial surface temperature at current zero below a certain value.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Dielectric recovery strength after vacuum arc extinctions

Wang

Tian

et al. 2014

2014 International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)

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“…Cr has the smallest heat conductivity, its temperature gradient along axial direction is the largest; 4) Cr anode has the biggest melting width, Cu anode has the biggest melting depth, and W anode has smallest both melting width and depth; thermal characteristics of CuCr alloys are influenced by the content of Cu and Cr.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous research works, Cu and CuCr materials are paid more attentions [1][2][3][4][5]. In this paper, Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Tungsten (W), Molybdenum (Mo), CuCr25 alloy and CuCr50 alloy electrodes are adopted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of anode thermal processes of different materials in vacuum arc

Huang

Wang

Jia

et al. 2014

2014 International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)

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Electrode material seriously influences the characteristics of vacuum arc and further affects the performance of switches. In this paper, thermal processes of six kinds of metal anodes (including pure metal and alloy anodes) are simulated and researched. Two kinds of temperature calculation methods are used. Simulation results show that W and Mo anodes have the higher temperature than Cu, Cr, CuCr25 and CuCr50 anodes. Pure Cr anode has the biggest melting width, and highest saturated vapor pressure. Cu anode has the biggest melting depth. W anode has the smallest melting area. Axial temperature gradient is related to the thermal conductivity, the Cr anode has the largest axial temperature gradient. The thermal characteristics of CuCr25 and CuCr50 anodes are located between the pure Cu and Cr anodes. There are two melting points appear in the results of CuCr alloys, between the two melting points, the alloy anodes are in solid-liquid mixture state.

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“…Therefore, the anode current density is a significant parameter contributing to the thermal processes of the anode of the vacuum arcs [14]- [18]. Moreover, it is well known that the anode thermal processes significantly influence the current interruption capability of vacuum interrupters [20]. Thus, the measured anode current density is important for the current interruption of AMF vacuum interrupters.…”

Section: B Anode Spot Current Densitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Anode Current Density Distribution Measurements for Different Vacuum Arc Modes Subjected to Axial Magnetic Field

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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We report our measurements of anode current density distributions for different modes in vacuum arc discharge using a split-anode and a cup-shaped axial magnetic field cathode configuration system. The modes investigated included the diffuse arc and anode spot. The anode surface was divided into four regions: one central region and three symmetricaldisposed peripheral annular-arc regions. Three different-sized central regions were selected with diameters of 12, 18, and 20 mm. The contact material was CuCr25 (25% Cr). The arc current in the tests ranged from 6 to 14 kA (rms) at 50 Hz. The opening velocities were 1.8 and 2.4 m/s, respectively. The currents of the four areas on the anode contact were measured by four Rogowski coils situated outside the vacuum chamber. The experimental results show the current density distribution in different arc modes. For the diffuse arc mode with arc currents of 6 and 8 kA (rms), the average current density in the central region at current peak ranged from 8.5 to 15.9 A/mm 2 . The anode spot current density ranged from 31.9 to 37.7 A/mm 2 , estimated from the current density in the eroded region caused by the anode spots covering the entire central region of diameters 12 and 18 mm, at currents of 12 and 14 kA, respectively, regarded as the lower limit current density of the anode spot. Moreover, the dependence of the current density distribution on opening velocity in diffuse arcs was slight. For the anode spots, the current density distribution with higher opening velocity was more concentrated.

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The anode surface temperature of CuCr contacts at the limit of current interruption

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Dielectric recovery strength after vacuum arc extinctions

Dielectric recovery strength after vacuum arc extinctions

Numerical simulation of anode thermal processes of different materials in vacuum arc

Anode Current Density Distribution Measurements for Different Vacuum Arc Modes Subjected to Axial Magnetic Field

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