The ankyrin repeat gene family in Capsicum spp: Genome-wide survey, characterization and gene expression profile

Abstract

the ankyrin (AnK) repeat protein family is largely distributed across plants and has been found to participate in multiple processes such as plant growth and development, hormone response, response to biotic and abiotic stresses. it is considered as one of the major markers of capsaicin content in pepper fruits. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification and expression analysis of genes encoding AnK proteins in three Capsicum species: Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum annuum and Capsicum chinense. We identified a total of 87, 85 and 96 ANK genes in C. baccatum, C. annuum and C. chinense genomes, respectively. next, we performed a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the Capsicum ANK gene family including gene chromosomal localization, Cis-elements, conserved motif identification, intron/exon structural patterns and gene ontology classification as well as profile expression. phylogenetic and domain organization analysis grouped the Capsicum ANK gene family into ten subfamilies distributed across all 12 pepper chromosomes at different densities. Analysis of the expression of ANK genes in leaf and pepper fruits suggested that the ANKs have specific expression patterns at various developmental stages in placenta tissue. our results provide valuable information for further studies of the evolution, classification and putative functions of ANK genes in pepper. open Scientific RepoRtS | (2020) 10:4044 | https://doi.drought tolerance 19 , ABA-mediated regulation of reactive oxygen species levels under salt-stress 20 , and several plant diseases 21 , including those generated by fungus such as rice blast 22 . The release of genomic data and the development of bioinformatics analyses have led to comprehensive research on the identification and characterization of the ANK gene family in plants such as Arabidopsis 23 , rice 18 , tomato 24 , maize 25 , Physcomitrella patens 26 and soybean 27 . The number of ANK repeats, genes, and proteins in plants varies considerably across diverse plant species. In Arabidopsis thaliana, 509 ANK repeats encoded by 105 genes were reported, whereas rice contains 175 ANK repeat genes 18,23 .Pepper (Capsicum spp.) is a member of the Solanaceae family and is closely related to potato, tomato, eggplant, tobacco and petunia. Pepper represents an economically important horticultural crop worldwide because of its wide variety of uses, as a food, coloring agent, and spice and in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and ornamental products as well as for its nutrimental value 28,29 . Despite the importance of pepper, genome-wide studies remain limited. The recent whole-genome sequencing of pepper 28 provided an excellent tool for genome-wide analysis for the identification and characterization of entire gene families present in this crop [30][31][32] . Recently, the ANK repeat domain was identified as one of the major markers linked to capsaicinoid synthesis in Capsicum annuum 33 and Capsicum chinense 34 .The present study aimed to analyze the gene locus and chromosome localization, protein length, ...

Study of Triticum aestivum Resistome in Response to Wheat dwarf India Virus Infection

“…The ankyrin repeat protein family participates in multiple processes, including response to biotic and abiotic stresses by activating downstream defense signaling components [35]. We found two highly upregulated transcripts (Ta.19805.2.S1_a_at and Ta.4670.1.A1_at) representing the ankyrin repeat family, which is in agreement with the known role of ANK genes in achieving resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.…”

520YS , Encoding an Ankyrin Repeat Protein, is Involved in Chloroplast Development in Rice

“…In rice (Oryza sativa) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), 175 and 130 ANK genes have been identi ed and classi ed into 10 and 13 subfamilies respectively (Huang et al 2009;Yuan et al 2013). Recently, 87, 85 and 96 ANK genes have been reported in C. baccatum, C. annuum and C. chinense genomes, respectively (Lopez-Ortiz et al 2020).…”

Association Mapping of Verticillium Wilt Disease in a Worldwide Collection of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

“…Furthermore, Thieme et al [ 46 ] reported that the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) gene may be associated with stress. The A6147 marker is on the putative ankyrin repeat protein gene and the putative ankyrin repeat protein family is widely distributed among plants and has been found to participate in multiple processes, such as plant growth and development, hormone response, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses [ 47 ]. More importantly, this gene has been reported to be required for disease resistance [ 48 ], and it has been found that the markers we have identified are on same chromosomes previously identified by different researchers [ 49 ].…”