The Anglo-Argentine Connection and the War of 1914—1918

Abstract

The hypothesis of Andre Gunder Frank that Latin America's underdevelopment is partly attributable to unequal exchange in economic relations with the advanced world includes the obverse proposition that Latin America's growth has been most substantial in periods such as wartime when links with the metropolitan countries were weakened. The most explicit statement of this view occurs in the book, Latin America: Underdevelopment or Revolution: … the satellites experience their greatest economic development and especially their most classically capitalist industrial development if and when their ties to their metropolis are weakest. This hypothesis is almost diametrically opposed to the generally accepted thesis that development in the underdeveloped countries follows from the greatest degree of contact with and diffusion from the metropolitan developed countries.

La gran estrategia Argentina en los tiempos de la transición hegemónica: China, realismo periférico e importaciones militares

“…The South American country would not accept this, and the result was a series of sanctions that harmed grain and beef production, as well as foreign trade. From that moment on, Anglo-Argentine relations were never again what they had been (Gravil, 1986;Weinman, 1994).…”

“…Most especially, this was reflected in US-sponsored sanctions against Argentine neutrality during World War II, which were much more severe than the analogous British-sponsored penalties during World War I (Escudé, 1983;Gravil, 1986). Indeed, once US hegemony was established, the consequences of Argentine legalism vis-à-vis its presumed neutrality rights were devastating.…”

Estado, Banca Pública Y Financiamiento De Las Exportaciones: El Gran Préstamo Argentino a Los Aliados De 1918–19

“…La posibilidad de que el gobierno argentino otorgase un crédito a los países aliados, y a Gran Bretaña en particular, comenzó a plantearse en 1916 con vistas a facilitar la exportación de cereales en un contexto de crecientes restricciones. De hecho, la cosecha argentina de ese año afrontó dificultades de colocación por la falta de bodega disponible, que se asignó prioritariamente a Canadá y los Estados Unidos (Gravil, 1977, p. 63; Albert, 1988). El presidente De la Plaza, deseoso de restaurar la posición argentina en el mercado británico, propuso la concesión de un préstamo sin interés y pagadero al finalizar la guerra, a favor de un sindicato privado que debería constituirse con bancos y empresas exportadoras, garantizado con el depósito de títulos públicos argentinos.…”

“…El Departamento de Estado calculó que los aliados necesitarían para 1918 más de 500 millones de bushels de trigo, pero que Canadá y Estados Unidos solo podrían aportar 320 millones, por lo que restaban aun 180 millones (unas 4.9 millones de toneladas) a conseguir en terceros países. En un intercambio sostenido en julio de 1917 por el secretario del Departamento de Estado Lansing con los ministros francés e inglés en Washington se acordó la necesidad obtener de la Argentina un compromiso de venta a los aliados, controlar los envíos a los neutrales para que no fuesen a parar a Alemania (Gravil, 1977, p. 74), y estudiar la manera de financiar la operación (Weinmann, 1994, p. 140).…”

Ecuador and World War I: One Nation’s Experience on the Periphery of the Great War and During its Aftermath, 1914-1924

“…Given this mindset, it is perhaps not surprising that the aforementioned book by Percy Alvin Martin composed soon after the end of the conflict is unique in that it includes chapters on the diplomacy and foreign policies of all 20 Latin American republics during the Great War. To be sure, in the 1980s there were investigations of the war's impact on the economies and political cultures of Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, and Friedrich Katz produced a ground-breaking study of German involvement in Mexico, but until recently the effect of the war on the Bolivarian countries of northern South America has remained a much neglected topic (Alber, 1988;Fritsch, 1988;Gravil, 1985;Tato, 2008;Katz, 1981).…”