The angiogenesis in decellularized scaffold-mediated the renal regeneration

Abstract

There are increasing numbers of patients underwent partial nephrectomy, and recovery of disturbed renal function is imperative post partial nephrectomy. We previously have demonstrated the decellularized (DC) scaffolds could mediate the residual kidney regeneration and thus improve disturbed renal function after partial nephrectomy. However, the cellular changes including the angiogenesis in the implanted DC scaffold has not yet been elaborated. In this study, we observed that the scaffold promoted the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) that adhered to the DC scaffold in vitro. We next examined the pathological changes of the implanted DC graft in vivo, and found a decreased volume of the scaffold and a dramatic angiogenesis within the scaffold. The average microvessel density (aMVD) increased at the early stage, while decreased at the later stage post transplantation. Expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) showed similar dynamic changes. In addition, many endothelial cells (ECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were distributed in the region which contained active angiogenesis in the scaffold. However, the implanted graft became fibrosis and the angiogenesis degraded at final stage roughly 8 weeks post transplantation. Our data indicate that DC scaffold can be vascularized in vivo and possible mechanisms are discussed.

The effect of riboflavin/UVA cross‐linking on anti‐degeneration and promoting angiogenic capability of decellularized liver matrix

“…The other feasible one is orthotopically or heterotopically transplanting the complexes of cells and scaffolds, and then vessels would grow into the scaffold and supply nutrients and oxygen to cells. Unfortunately, previous research of our team 6 and other groups [16][17][18] suggest that few vessels or parenchymal cells but only inflammatory cells were found after a period of observation. And the speed of scaffold degradation was fast and unstable.…”

“…However, liver parenchyma cells did not migrate into the scaffold as expected. Another similar research with the usage of decellularized kidney scaffolds has also suggested that the grafted kidney scaffold just degenerates rather than facilitates renal stem cells to migrate into the matrix …”

“…Another similar research with the usage of decellularized kidney scaffolds has also suggested that the grafted kidney scaffold just degenerates rather than facilitates renal stem cells to migrate into the matrix. 17 Both groups of the implanted matrix became smaller over time and angiogenesis occurred in the matrix. In the experiment group, more aMVD was observed in the implanted matrix than in the control group since the first week after implantation.…”

EPCs enhance angiogenesis in renal regeneration

“…Data from radionuclide renogram demonstrated enhanced restoration of renal functions. Based on these observations and relying on previous insights [16, 17], we speculated that the intensity of angiogenesis may promote renal regeneration. Impaired organs may be repaired by seeded endothelial cells to help repairing vessels, hence, organs [18].…”

MRI method for labeling and imaging decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds for tissue engineering

“…Gels derived from dECM bladder were prepared as stated earlier in 24‐well plates. HUVECs were chosen as an ideal human cell type for testing due to their extensive usage in tissue engineering applications with decellularized scaffolds to promote angiogenesis and tissue regeneration . HUVECs were seeded at a density of 40,000 cells per well and cultured for 72 h. For live‐dead staining and microscopy, cells were incubated with 2 µM Calcein AM live stain and 4 µM EthD‐1 dead stain in PBS (1×; pH 7.4) with calcium and magnesium for 45 min at 37°C.…”