The androgen-dependent rat prostatic binding protein: comparison of the sequences in the 5′ part and upstream region of the Cl and C2 genes and analysis of their transcripts

Claessens, Frank; Dirckx, Luc; Delaey, Bernard; Decourt, Jean-Luc; Hemschoote, K; Peeters, Benjamin; Rombauts, Wilfried

doi:10.1677/jme.0.0030093

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Genes that are up-regulated by androgen in the prostate include prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (15,16), prostatein C3 (17), sex-limited protein (slp) (18), spermine-binding protein (19,20), prostate-binding protein C2A (21), cystatin-related protein 2 (22,23), calreticulin (24), and probasin (25,26). Androgen ablation-induced genes include clusterin͞sulfate glycoprotein-2 (SGP-2)͞testosterone repressed prostate mRNA-2 (TRPM-2) (27,28), transforming growth factor ␤ (29), rat ventral prostate gene 1 (RVP.1) (30), glutathione S-transferase (31), c-myc (32), c-fos (33), and matrix carboxyglutamic acid protein (30).…”

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confidence: 99%

Genes regulated by androgen in the rat ventral prostate

Wang

Tufts

Haleem

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

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Genes that are regulated by androgen in the prostate were studied in the rat. Four of the less than 10 genes that are down-regulated by androgen in the ventral prostate of a 7-day castrated rat were identified; their mRNAs decayed with identical kinetics. Twenty-five of the estimated 56 genes that are up-regulated by androgen in the castrated prostate have been isolated. The up-regulated genes fall into two kinetic types. Early genes are significantly up-regulated by 6.5 hr whereas the delayed genes respond mainly after 24 hr from the time of androgen replacement. These androgen-response genes are also regulated in the prostate by castration, indicating that these genes could play important roles in androgen-induced regrowth and͞or castration-induced regression of the prostate during hormonal manipulation. A survey of the tissue specificity showed that the androgen-response gene expression program in the prostate is mainly prostatespecific. Total RNA Northern blot analysis detects the expression of about 16 up-regulated genes and 3 down-regulated genes in the prostate only. Four up-regulated genes and one down-regulated gene are regulated by androgen in both the prostate and seminal vesicles but not in other organs. The expression of the remaining androgen-response genes is not limited to the prostate but is only responsive to androgen in the prostate. This survey of the androgen-response gene expression program provides insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of androgen action in the prostate.

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confidence: 99%

Genes regulated by androgen in the rat ventral prostate

Wang

Tufts

Haleem

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

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“…It might be suggested that this non-palindromic sequence, either as repeat, or together with flanking sequences, might also have some function in steroid hormone responsive promoters in general. In this respect, it is of interest that TGTYCT sequences are present in the promoter of the androgen-dependent prostatic binding protein genes Cl, C2 and C3 (Claessens et al, 1989a). Furthermore, fragments from the promoter and first intron of the C3 gene that contain this consensus sequence have been shown to bind ARsteroid complex (Rushmere et al, 1987).…”

Section: Structural Features Of the Rat Ar Gene Promotermentioning

confidence: 99%

The rat androgen receptor gene promoter

Baarends

Themmen

Blok

et al. 1990

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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The androgen receptor (AR) is activated upon binding of testosterone or dihydrotestosterone and exerts regulatory effects on gene expression in androgen target cells. To study transcriptional regulation of the rat AR gene itself, the 5' genomic region of this gene was cloned from a genomic library and the promoter was identified. S1-nuclease protection analysis showed two major transcription start sites, located between 1010 and 1023 bp upstream from the translation initiation codon. The area surrounding these start sites was cloned in both orientations in a CAT reporter plasmid. Upon transfection of the constructs into COS cells, part of the promoter stimulated transcription in an orientation-independent manner, but the full promoter showed a higher and unidirectional activity. In the promoter/reporter gene constructs, transcription initiated from the same positions as in the native gene. Sequence analysis showed that the promoter of the rat AR gene lacks typical TATA and CCAAT box elements, but one SP1 site is located at about 60 bp upstream from the major start site of transcription. Other possible promoter elements are TGTYCT sequences at positions -174 to -179, -434 to -439., -466 to -471, and -500 to -505, resembling half-sites of the glucocorticoid-responsive element (GRE). Furthermore, a homopurine stretch containing a total of 8 GGGGA elements and similar to sequences that are present in several other GC-rich promoters, is located between -89 and -146 bp upstream from the major start site of transcription.

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“…As a result, the activity of several promoters can be regulated by more than one of these receptors. Examples are the MMTV promoter, and the promoters of the C3, the cystatin-related protein (CRP) and the prostate specific antigen (PSA) gene (Ham et al 1988, Claessens et al 1989, De Vos et al 1994, Cleutjens et al 1997, Devos et al 1997. The consensus high affinity binding site of ER and ER is slightly different, 5 -AGGTCAnnnTGACCT-3 ( KleinHitpass et al 1989), therefore ER and ER direct the expression of a different panel of target genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bioinformatics-based functional analysis shows that the specifically androgen-regulated gene SARG contains an active direct repeat androgen response element in the first intron

Steketee

Made²,

Korput³

et al. 2004

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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We characterized the specifically androgen-regulated gene (SARG), which is expressed in the androgen receptor (AR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) positive cell line lymph node carcinoma of the prostate-1F5 (LNCaP-1F5). SARG mRNA expression can be up-regulated by androgens, but not by glucocorticoids. SARG mRNA expression is high in prostate tissue. SARG is composed of four exons and spans a region of 14·5 kbp on chromosome 1q32·2. Transcripts of 5·5, 3·3 and 2·3 kb are the result of alternative polyadenylation. SARG mRNA splice variants lack exon 2 and vary in length of exon 1. The SARG protein has a length of 601 amino acids and is located in the cytoplasm. By screening the 18 kbp genomic sequence flanking the transcription start site we identified the imperfect direct repeat 58-TGTGCTaacTGTTCT-38 in intron 1 as an active androgen response element (ARE-SARG+4·6). A 569 bp genomic DNA fragment containing this element functioned as an androgen-specific enhancer in transiently transfected LNCaP-1F5 cells. ARE-SARG+4·6 cooperated with flanking sequences for optimal activity. Inactivation of ARE-SARG+4·6 completely abolished the androgen response of the enhancer. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments showed chromatin structural changes of the enhancer in the presence of R1881. ARE-SARG+4·6 was able to bind to the androgen receptor, but not to the glucocorticoid receptor, correlating with its androgen-specific activity in transfections.

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The androgen-dependent rat prostatic binding protein: comparison of the sequences in the 5′ part and upstream region of the Cl and C2 genes and analysis of their transcripts

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Genes regulated by androgen in the rat ventral prostate

Genes regulated by androgen in the rat ventral prostate

The rat androgen receptor gene promoter

A bioinformatics-based functional analysis shows that the specifically androgen-regulated gene SARG contains an active direct repeat androgen response element in the first intron

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