The anchor for the serial position curve

Glanzer, Murray; Dolinsky, Richard

doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(65)80029-9

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Although displaced rehearsal is probably an important mechanism by which temporal coding occurs (e.g., Johnson, 1983), it is undoubtedly not the only one. At the minimum, subjects also seem to use some mechanism that takes advantage of the anchor points of the beginning and the end of the list (e.g., Glanzer & Dolinsky, 1965). In addition, there are a number of empirical loose ends in this area, not the least of which is the lack of systematic study of encoding versus retrieval effects on performance on various temporal tasks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is temporal order encoded automatically?

et al. 1984

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The reported experiment tested the suggestion that encoding of temporal order is automatic. Specifically, two of Hasher and Zacks's (1979) automaticity criteria were examined: (1) that the amount and appropriateness of practice received would not affect acquisition of temporal information, and (2) that reliable individual differences would not be found on a test of memory for temporal order. Contrary to expectations, neither of these criteria was confirmed: Retention of temporal order increased with practice at three (or four) successive lists. And, reliable individual differences were indicated by the findings that subjects' relative performance levels remained stable across lists, and that groups with higher average academic ability outperformed those with lower ability. Similar results were obtained for a free-recall task (in which case they were expected

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is temporal order encoded automatically?

et al. 1984

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“…Studies have demonstrated that the characteristic bowed shape of the serial-position curve in serial-Iearning performance ean be modified by experimental instructions to Ss and also by certain attention-directing cues (Feigenbaum & Simon, 1962;Glanzer & Dolinsky, 1965;Reynolds & Houston, 1964;Wishner, Shipley, & Hurvich, 1957). For example, distinguishable sublists within the series of items to be learned can change the typical bowed curve, presumably by introducing anehor points into the list.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The investigators presented an account of serial learning that hypothesized that Ss attempt to fmd anchoring points in a list. Glanzer & Dolinsky (1965) have further suggested that Ss may make choices of cues by which to anchor serial-position curves in rote learning, and that any cue may serve as an anchor for the curve.…”

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confidence: 99%

Modifiability of the serial position curve in immediate recall

Drevenstedt

1970

Psychon Sci

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“…Thus, temporal primacy and recency of items in the presentation sequence, which usually are congruent with the differential in spacing, do not influence cognitive ordering as strongly as the temporal gap when the two bases for anchoring are at disparate positions within the series. Glanzer and Dolinsky (1965) investigated the effect on the serial-position curve in continuous serial learning of familiarizing Ss with two adjacent items through pre-training in paired-associace learning. Although fewer errors occurred for the pre-trained syllables, these syllables did not facilitate the learning of adjacent items to generate a serial-position curve.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Some SS did anchor the serial learning on the temporally middle syllable when it was identified as the beginning of the list. Therefore, Glanzer and Dolinsky ( 1965) concluded that the basic process is S's selection of which syllable for him cognitively begins the series. Bowman and Thurlow ( 1963) also failed to alter the distribution of errors among items in serial learning by structural isolation of items.…”

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confidence: 99%

Determinants of Primacy for Items in Continuous Serial Learning

1968

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Snmmary.-This study investigates the learning of continuous serial lists of nonsense syllables in terms of the strategies by which Ss select the syllables to be learned first. Three hypotheses were tested and verified by the results: ( a ) Ss select the first temporal item of a series as cognitively first when instructional and structural bases for differentiation are not provided by E; (b) Ss also tend to cognize a structurally isolated item as first in the series; and ( c ) the relative effectiveness of these two anchoring tendencies depends upon the position of the structurally isolated syllable within the temporal series. Results support the theory that the cognition of one or more "beginning" items establishes the serialposition curve because the anchors provided by these items, which are learned first, facilirate the acquisition of the remaining items.The serial-position curve of learning has been explained in terms of S's strategy in making a cognitive selection of the items to be learned first (e.g., Harcum, 1967; Jensen, 1962a). Harcum and Coppage (1965a) proposed that the serial-acquisition task progresses through two stages, the first of which is the differentiation of items, including the cognition of one item as the beginnkg of the series. The second stage occurs when the first-learned items become cn anchor for the association of other items. Thus, with group data the characteristic bowed curve is produced because Ss are consistent in choosing a given item for the cognitive anchor. Harcum and Coppage (1965a) attributed the skew of the curve also to Ss' tendency to make forward associations to this anchor more rapidly than they form backward associations.The selection of cognitive anchors may be based on temporal primacy, structural inhomogeneiry, and varioiis other attributes of items which direct S"s acten--tion to them. E can manipulate these factors, respectively, by varying relative starting position within the series, by structurally isolating an rrem, or by instructions. These bases of strategies are not mutually exclusive, of course; moreover, the choice of cognitive anchors may be idiosyncratic for the different Ss (Lippman & Denny, 1964).With the usual method of presentation, in which the intertrial interval (ITI) is greater than the interstimulus rnrerval (ISI), most Ss select the first and last items of the series as anchors, presumably because of the increased distinctiveness of these items due co proximity co the easily discriminable IT1

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The anchor for the serial position curve

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

Is temporal order encoded automatically?

Is temporal order encoded automatically?

Modifiability of the serial position curve in immediate recall

Determinants of Primacy for Items in Continuous Serial Learning

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