The anatomy of the salamander, by Eric T. B. Francis, with an historical introduction by Professor F. J. Cole.

Francis, E. T. B.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.6531

Cited by 41 publications

(121 citation statements)

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“…Triturus Rafinesque;De Beer, 1937) to well after metamorphosis (e.g. Salamandra Laurenti; Francis, 1934). Carroll & Currie (1975) questioned the homology of the mentomeckelian in anurans and caudates based on functional differences, but because the element has the same ontogenetic origin in both groups I concur with Bolt (1991) that it is homologous.…”

supporting

confidence: 68%

Monophyly and affinities of albanerpetontid amphibians (Temnospondyli; Lissamphibia)

GARDNER¹

2001

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

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Tile Albanerpetontidae are Middle Jurassic-Miocene amphibians that have variously been regarded as caudates (salamanders), a clade distinct from caudates, or incertae sedis lissamphibians. Here I test for monophyly of the Albanerpetontidae and examine the affinities of the group, within the framework of a more inclusive Temnospondyli, by performing a cladistic analysis using 59 informative characters scored for four non-lissamphibian temnospondyl genera, stem-and crown-clade caudates, salientians (frogs), gymnophionans (caecilians), and the two recognized albanerpetontid genera Albanerpeton and Celtedens. Monophyly of the Albanerpetontidae is corroborated. I interpret synapomorphies of the marginal teeth (non-pedicellate; crowns chisel like, labiolingually compressed, with three mesiodistally aligned cuspules) in albanerpetontids as being associated with a shearing bite. Other synapomorphies evidently strengthened and increased the mobility of the skull, mandible, and cervical region for burrowing, feeding, or both. Nested sets of synapomorphies place the Albanerpetontidae within the Lissamphibia, as the sistertaxon of Caudata plus Salientia. None of the 17 characters previously advanced as albanerpetontid-caudate synapomorphies convincingly places the Albanerpetontidae within the Caudata or allies the two groups as sistertaxa. Albanerpetontids are better interpreted not as aberrant caudates, but as a distinct clade of lissamphibians in which numerous apomorphies are superimposed upon an otherwise primitive lissamphibian body plan.

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supporting

confidence: 68%

Monophyly and affinities of albanerpetontid amphibians (Temnospondyli; Lissamphibia)

GARDNER¹

2001

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…This groove would have housed the palatal branch of the internal carotid artery. In contrast to the condition seen in temnospondyls [73] and lissamphibians [74] where the internal carotid divides into cerebral and palatal branches either within the parasphenoid itself or within the hypophyseal fossa, the internal carotid artery of Brachydectes appears to have been divided into cerebral and palatal branches prior to entering the braincase, consistent with the morphology seen in some stem and crown amniotes [75]. …”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Cranial Morphology of the Carboniferous-Permian Tetrapod Brachydectes newberryi (Lepospondyli, Lysorophia): New Data from µCT

Pardo

Anderson

2016

PLoS ONE

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Lysorophians are a group of early tetrapods with extremely elongate trunks, reduced limbs, and highly reduced skulls. Since the first discovery of this group, general similarities in outward appearance between lysorophians and some modern lissamphibian orders (specifically Urodela and Gymnophiona) have been recognized, and sometimes been the basis for hypotheses of lissamphibian origins. We studied the morphology of the skull, with particular emphasis on the neurocranium, of a partial growth series of the lysorophian Brachydectes newberryi using x-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT). Our study reveals similarities between the braincase of Brachydectes and brachystelechid recumbirostrans, corroborating prior work suggesting a close relationship between these taxa. We also describe the morphology of the epipterygoid, stapes, and quadrate in this taxon for the first time. Contra the proposals of some workers, we find no evidence of expected lissamphibian synapomorphies in the skull morphology in Brachydectes newberryi, and instead recognize a number of derived amniote characteristics within the braincase and suspensorium. Morphology previously considered indicative of taxonomic diversity within Lysorophia may reflect ontogenetic rather than taxonomic variation. The highly divergent morphology of lysorophians represents a refinement of morphological and functional trends within recumbirostrans, and is analogous to morphology observed in many modern fossorial reptiles.

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“…A certain number of animals so infected recover after a definite febrile course. Francis and Terrell (4) have demonstrated that in monkeys of the Macacus cynomolgos species it is possible to produce experimental pneumonia by intratracheal or intrabronchial inoculation of Type III Pneumococcus. The clinical aspects of experimentally induced infection in monkeys closely resemble those of spontaneous disease in man.…”

Section: Somatic C Polysaccharide O1 ¢ Pnei~ococclys Iimentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Somatic C Polysaccharide of Pneumococcus

Abernethy

1937

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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The capacity of the serum of rabbits following intradermal pneumococcus infections to precipitate in the presence of pneumococcus C polysaccharide has been studied during the resultant periods of active infection and during recovery. In rabbits infected with Type I, III, or VIII pneumococci, large hemorrhagic lesions are produced which frequently bring about death of the animals after a febrile illness of 3 to 4 days. Repeated precipitation tests with the sera of these animals have been uniformly and consistently negative, not only during the acute illness but in the recovery period as well. On the other hand, the sera of monkeys of the Macacus cynomolgos species actively ill with experimental Type III pneumonia have been shown to react in precipitation tests with the C substance. The serum reaction appears within the first 24 hours after infection, remains positive in high titer for 2 to 3 days during the acute illness, and disappears with the onset of recovery. The precipitation reaction with C also occurs with the sera of monkeys following intradermal and intraperitoneal infection with pneumococci. The results of precipitation tests of the serum of monkeys during experimental pneumonia are similar to those obtained with the sera of patients suffering from pneumococcus lobar pneumonia. From the results of these studies it would appear improbable that the demonstration of the serum precipitation phenomenon with C polysaccharide in monkeys, and possibly also in man, is conditioned by previous exposure to pneumococcus antigen.

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The anatomy of the salamander, by Eric T. B. Francis, with an historical introduction by Professor F. J. Cole.

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Monophyly and affinities of albanerpetontid amphibians (Temnospondyli; Lissamphibia)

Monophyly and affinities of albanerpetontid amphibians (Temnospondyli; Lissamphibia)

Cranial Morphology of the Carboniferous-Permian Tetrapod Brachydectes newberryi (Lepospondyli, Lysorophia): New Data from µCT

Studies on the Somatic C Polysaccharide of Pneumococcus

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