The anatomy of the root apex: A review and clinical considerations in endodontics

Alothmani, Osama S; Chandler, Nicholas; Friedlander, Lara

doi:10.4103/1658-5984.116273

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Precise determination of the working length of the root canal is a key factor that affects the outcome of endodontic treatment (2,15,16). Treatment of root canal up to the apical constriction represents a risk that part of the diseased pulp tissue might remain in the apical region and lead to treatment failure (17,18). Therefore, treatment up to apical foramen is recommended (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N Vitrocomparison of the Accuracy of Two Apex Locators of Different Generations

Karuntanović¹,

Dačić²,

Miljković³

et al. 2019

AMM

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The accuracy of apex locators is very important for the correct working length determination of the root canal, and thus for successful endodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to compare in vitro the accuracy of iPex II (the fourth generation) and Adaptive (the sixth generation) apex locators. The material consisted of 28 root canals (16 premolars). The working length of all root canals was determined first by entering K-file #15 up to the apical foramen, what was checked by visual tracking of the top of the file. The fixed working length was then measured with a digital caliper and the obtained values were used to control measured canal lengths in two experimental groups. The teeth were immersed in the alginate before electronic measurements in order to simulate the clinical situation. In the first experimental group, the working length of the root canals was measured with iPex II, and in the second with Adaptive apex locator. All measurements were performed up to the apical foramen in the dry canal. The results of One-way ANOVA showed that there was not statistically significant difference between examined experimental groups (p > 0.05). The biggest difference existed in comparison the values of Adaptive apex locator and the control group, and the lowest in comparison iPex II and Adaptive apex locators. It can be concluded that both apex locators are accurate enough for clinical practice although they belong to different generations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N Vitrocomparison of the Accuracy of Two Apex Locators of Different Generations

Karuntanović¹,

Dačić²,

Miljković³

et al. 2019

AMM

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“…27 Terminal bagian apikal akar gigi menunjukan empat landmark yang berbeda yaitu konstriksi apikal, foramen apikal, apeks dan cemento-dentinal junction (CDJ). 28 Foramen apikal merupakan lubang apikal utama pada saluran akar, konstriksi apikal didefinisikan sebagian bagian apikal dari saluran akar dengan diameter tersempit. 25 CDJ adalah garis penyatuan antara dentin dan sementum tempat jaringan pulpa berakhir dan jaringan periodontal dimulai.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…25 CDJ adalah garis penyatuan antara dentin dan sementum tempat jaringan pulpa berakhir dan jaringan periodontal dimulai. 28 Jarak antara konstriksi apikal dan foramen apikal berkisar antara 0,4 -1,2 mm sedangkan jarak dengan apeks berkisar 0,5 -1,01 mm. Konstriksi apikal terletak di dentin atau di tingkat CDJ.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Frekuensi deviasi foramen apikal terjadi karena penuaan dan pengendapan sementum. 28 Saluran akar berbentuk oval atau irregular pada sepertiga apikal saluran akar, dan diameter terbesarnya terdapat pada aspek bukolingual. 29 Ketebalan dentin radikular lebih besar pada permukaan lingual akar, dan ketebalan dinding tipis pada sepertiga apikal saluran akar.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

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Perbedaan Kebersihan Sepertiga Apikal Saluran Akar dari Smear Layer Menggunakan Sistem Aktivasi Ultrasonik dan Sonik

Puspita¹,

Djuanda²,

Evelyna³

2019

sod

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Irrigant activation is important for successful endodontic treatment. There are some of activation technique those are manual irrigation with needle irrigation and mechanics irrigation with sonic, and ultrasonic activation. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness between sonic and ultrasonic activation technique as irrigation activation for smear layer removal in apical third of the root canal. Fifteen mandibular premolars were used. NaOCl 2,5% and EDTA 17% was used as an irrigant. Sample were divided into 3 equal group (n=5) according to the final activation technique: group I as a needle irrigation II as a ultrasonic activation, group III sonic activation. Root canals were split longitudinnaly and subjected to scanning electron microscope with 2000x magnification. Data were evaluated using statistics kruskall wallis and mann whitney. The result of this study shows there were statistically significant differences in staistics Mann Whitney on group III were more clean than group II p < 0,05. Sonic technique more effective in removal of smear layer in apical third of the root canal than ultrasonic activation technicque. Important to noted the variant of irrigant and activation.

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“…In approximately 35% to 58% cases, the apical third of root canals have been inadequately prepared due to the shape of the canals [5]. Bacteria have been shown to remain in the non-instrumented areas of the apical part of the root after one-visit treatments [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in the Cross-Sectional Shape of the Apical Thirds of the Root Canals in Maxillary and Mandibular Teeth

Arfianti

Artiningsih

Nazar

2020

Pesqui. Bras. Odontopediatria Clín. Integr.

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To determine the prevalence of cross-sectional variations in the apical thirds of the root canals in maxillary and mandibular teeth. Material and Methods: Eighty tooth samples (maxillary second premolar, maxillary first molar, and mandibular first molar) were scanned using micro-computed tomography. The apical third area of each root canal was sectioned and the maximum and minimum diameters were calculated from the mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters. The shapes were categorized as a round, oval, long oval, and flat based on the ratios obtained. Results: The most common shape of the apical third of the root canals in the maxillary second premolars was oval (66.7%), followed by long oval (24.6%), flat (7%), and round (1.7%). The corresponding values in the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molars were oval (68.2%), long oval (22.7%), flat (9.1%), 94.1% of the distobuccal roots were oval, while the remaining were long oval (5.9%). All the palatal root canals were oval. In the mesiobuccal root of the mandibular first molars, 47.4% were long oval in shape, followed by 36.8% oval and 15.8% flat canals. All the mesiolingual root canals were oval, whereas, in the distal root, 68.4% were oval, 21.1% long oval, and 10.5% were flat. Conclusion: The oval shape was most commonly observed in the majority of the root canals. Knowledge about the apical anatomy of the root can help the operator improve the root canal treatment's success.

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The anatomy of the root apex: A review and clinical considerations in endodontics

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

N Vitrocomparison of the Accuracy of Two Apex Locators of Different Generations

N Vitrocomparison of the Accuracy of Two Apex Locators of Different Generations

Perbedaan Kebersihan Sepertiga Apikal Saluran Akar dari Smear Layer Menggunakan Sistem Aktivasi Ultrasonik dan Sonik

Variations in the Cross-Sectional Shape of the Apical Thirds of the Root Canals in Maxillary and Mandibular Teeth

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