The Anatomy of Melancholy, Vol. 1: Text

Burton, Robert; Faulkner, Thomas C.; Kiessling, Nicolas K.; Blair, Rhonda L.

doi:10.1093/actrade/9780198124481.book.1

Cited by 197 publications

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“…56 Even as late as in 1621 Robert Burton cites Bernhardi's views extensively in his Anatomy of Melancholy, among them his view on synderesis. 57…”

Section: Johannes Bernhardi: Synderesis Between Scholasticism and Lutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synderesis in Late Medieval Philosophy and the Wittenberg Reformers

Kärkkäinen

2012

British Journal for the History of Philosophy

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The present article discusses the concept of synderesis in the late medieval universities of Erfurt and Leipzig and its the later developments in Wittenberg. The comparison between Bartholomaeus Arnoldi of Usingen in Erfurt and Johannes Peyligk in Leipzig shows that school traditions played an important role in the exposition of synderesis by the late medieval scholastic natural philosophers. However, Jodocus Trutfetter's example warns against overemphasising the importance of the school traditions and reminds us of the manifold history of medieval discussions on synderesis, which were more or less familiar to many authors of this period. Finally, the diverse references to synderesis in the texts of Martin Luther, Johannes Bernhardi of Feldkirch and Philip Melanchthon reveal no uniform relationship with late medieval discussions, but rather indicate various ways of adopting scholastic ideas and transforming them in the context of humanist and reformation thinking.

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“…56 Even as late as in 1621 Robert Burton cites Bernhardi's views extensively in his Anatomy of Melancholy, among them his view on synderesis. 57…”

Section: Johannes Bernhardi: Synderesis Between Scholasticism and Lutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synderesis in Late Medieval Philosophy and the Wittenberg Reformers

Kärkkäinen

2012

British Journal for the History of Philosophy

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“…19 Far more dangerous was the contamination of the air from "Meteors, Thunder and Lightning, intemperate heat and cold". 20 Precipitation in the form of rain showers was not considered hazardous in itself, although the released vapours were thought to be dangerous. It was said that "they that come abroad soon after those Showers, are commonly taken with sickness".…”

Section: Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons from the past: preventive medicine in early modern England

Curth

2003

Med Humanities

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The history of English medicine used to consist of chronicles of medical progress and great ideas culminating in twentieth century biomedicine. Unlike earlier generations whose medical beliefs and practices were seen to be both futile and dangerous, modern medicine was thought to be able to eradicate illness with a “magic bullet”. During the later part of the 20th century, however, the general public began to have doubts about the efficacy and safety of modern medicine. In turn, both the institution of medicine and the biomedical model began to be challenged by the media. These events led to a spreading desire for people to take a greater responsibility for their own health. One of the areas of greatest interest and growth is that of preventive medicine which focuses on a good diet and exercise. Far from being a new concept, however, the idea of a daily health “regimen” goes back to the ancient Greece and was further developed during the Middle Ages, and by the early modern period (1500–1800).

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“…Tis not amiss to bore the skull with an instrument, to let out the fuliginous vapours because this humour hardly yields to other physic.... [Salvianus] saw a melancholy man at Rome, that by no remedies could be healed, but when by chance he was wounded in the head, and the skull broken, he was excellently cured.... Another, to the admiration of the beholders, breaking his head with a fall from on high, was instantly recovered of his dotage.... [Gordonius] saw a melancholy man wounded in the head with a sword, his brainpan broken; so long as the wound was open he was well, but when his wound was healed, his dotage returned again.... Guianerius cured a nobleman in Savoy, by boring alone, leaving the hole open a month together, by means of which, after two years' melancholy and madness, he was delivered. 7 In Hemessen's painting, it is unclear what specific mental malady-whether depression, migraine, epilepsy, psychosis, or delirium-is being addressed. A new interpretation of the allegory argues that the extraction of the cranial stone is analogous to that of urinary calculi, a dangerous and morbid surgery contemporaneously performed to treat severe cases of nephrolithiasis.…”

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The Surgeon, or The Extraction of the Stone of Madness, by Jan Sanders van Hemessen (c 1500–1566)

Chalif

2023

Neurosurgical Focus

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The Surgeon, or The Extraction of the Stone of Madness is one of the most striking representations of neurosurgery in art. The focus of the painting is occupied by a surgeon who, with a concentrated gaze and wry smile, attempts to remove a stone from the forehead of an anguished young man who is tied to a chair, crying in agony. The artist of this dramatic work is the relatively obscure Jan Sanders van Hemessen (c 1500–1566). Hemessen lived in a time of artistic ferment in the Netherlands as conservative local traditions gave way to new ideas imported from Italy, which marked the beginning of the Romanism period. Romanists were aspiring young Netherlandish artists who traveled to Rome, Florence, Milan, and Venice to study the works of High Renaissance masters such as Michelangelo, Raphael, and Leonardo da Vinci. With these lessons in mind, they combined the typical features of early Netherlandish painting—a high degree of realism, the use of symbolic iconography, and a focus on genre painting and still life—with the dramatic gestures, heroic postures, chiaroscuro, space and volume, and grand humanistic themes of the Italian Renaissance. Hemessen’s interpretation of the allegory of the stone of madness reveals these Italian influences while also retaining the early Netherlandish tradition of realism and iconography, in which the objective world represents a realm of symbolic implication carrying allegorical moralistic messages. The predominant interpretation of The Surgeon, or The Extraction of the Stone of Madness is as a metaphor for stupidity and gullibility, a common theme in Netherlandish art of this time. As such, Hemessen’s painting symbolizes the limits of the medical profession and underscores the persistent hope for neurosurgery to treat psychiatric disease in the future.

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The Anatomy of Melancholy, Vol. 1: Text

Cited by 197 publications

References 0 publications

Synderesis in Late Medieval Philosophy and the Wittenberg Reformers

Synderesis in Late Medieval Philosophy and the Wittenberg Reformers

Lessons from the past: preventive medicine in early modern England

The Surgeon, or The Extraction of the Stone of Madness, by Jan Sanders van Hemessen (c 1500–1566)

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