The anatomy of Dolichocebus gaimanensis, a stem platyrrhine monkey from Argentina

Oldest known cranium of a juvenile New World monkey (Early Miocene, Patagonia, Argentina): Implications for the taxonomy and the molar eruption pattern of early platyrrhines

“…Only an exhaustive phylogenetic analysis of Oligocene to recent platyrrhines can establish the most parsimonious arrangement of the fossil taxa in relation to the living radiations of Platyrrhini. Such an analysis has been undertaken recently and it strongly supports the view that Homunculus and other Early Miocene platyrrhines are stem forms not specially related to any of the three living families (Kay, 2014; see also Kay, Fleagle and colleagues;Kay et al, 2008;Kay and Fleagle, 2010). MPM-PV 3505 provides the first information about the dental eruption sequence in an Early Miocene platyrrhine.…”

“…All crania from the SCF are very similar in the proportions and arrangement of the cranial bones, the shape and orientation of the orbits and nasal aperture, and the size and position of the facial foramina. The orbits are rounded (versus oval with the long axis dorsoventrally) in all specimens and the orbits are less convergent than in most extant platyrrhines (except callitrichines), and in this respect resemble Early Miocene Tremacebus and Dolichocebus (Hershkovitz, 1974;Ross, 1995;Kay et al, 2008). The scalloped posterior margin of the palate and lateral position of the roots of the pterygoid plates are similar.…”

“…This callitrichinelike orbital orientation in MPM-PV 3505 occurs in Tremacebus harringtoni Rusconi, 1933, in Dolichocebus gaimanensis Kraglievich, 1951, and in other Homunculus (CORD-PZ 1130, and MPM-PV 5000) (see Hershkovitz, 1974;Kay et al, 2008Kay et al, , 2012.…”

Evolution of locomotion in Anthropoidea: the semicircular canal evidence

“…However, until more complete cranial material is known for the genus, these attributions must remain provisional. One specimen (YPM 25972) that has been referred to both Apidium [12] and Aegyptopithecus [13,14] is identified here as pertaining to the latter genus based on semicircular canal size and shape, both of which fall within that genus' range based on specimens that include dentitions.…”

Preliminary notes on a newly discovered skull of the extinct monkey Antillothrix from Hispaniola and the origin of the Greater Antillean monkeys

“…Antillothrix has the catarrhine condition. Stem platyrrhines from the early Miocene (Tremacebus and Homunculus) also have this 'catarrhine' arrangement of bones (Tauber, 1991;Kay et al, 2008), suggesting that this is the primitive condition for crown anthropoids and that perhaps Antillothrix has a deep evolutionary history independent of mainland species.…”