Oldest known cranium of a juvenile New World monkey (Early Miocene, Patagonia, Argentina): Implications for the taxonomy and the molar eruption pattern of early platyrrhines

Early Arrival and Climatically-Linked Geographic Expansion of New World Monkeys from Tiny African Ancestors

“…One of the fossil taxa included in our analyses, Killikaike (Tejedor et al 2006), was synonymized with Homunculus by Perry et al (2014). However, a thorough comparison between the skull of Killikaike and the Homunculus specimen MACN-A 5968 from the Ameghino collection (i.e., the only skull part of the hypodigm and attributed to Homunculus with certainty) showed substantial morphological differences between the two specimens (Tejedor and Novo 2017).…”

“…The latter hypothesis is supported by several phylogenetic analyses, which have consistently shown that the Patagonian primates are crown platyrrhines (Wilkinson et al 2011, Perez et al 2013, Bond et al 2015). We, therefore, chose to follow the LLH when designing the topological constraints for fossil taxa (Supplementary Table S6 available on Dryad).One of the fossil taxa included in our analyses, Killikaike (Tejedor et al 2006), was synonymized with Homunculus by Perry et al (2014). However, a thorough comparison between the skull of Killikaike and the Homunculus specimen MACN-A 5968 from the Ameghino collection (i.e., the only skull part of the hypodigm and attributed to Homunculus with certainty) showed substantial morphological differences between the two specimens (Tejedor and Novo 2017).…”

Previously unknown fossil platyrrhines (Primates) of Patagonia from the Tournouër collection at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris

“…Although the fossil record of Homunculus is represented by approximately forty specimens, including skulls, mandibular fragments, isolated teeth and postcranial material (Ameghino 1891;Bluntschli 1931;Tauber 1991;Tejedor 2000;Tejedor & Rosenberger 2008;Perry et al 2010;Kay et al 2012;Perry et al 2014;Novo 2015), the controversies around the phylogenetic relationships of the genus remain under debate. The specimen reported here provides valuable information about the mandibular morphology and possible generic variability (or sexual dimorphism?…”

Dental remains of cebid platyrrhines from the earliest late Miocene of Western Amazonia, Peru: Macroevolutionary implications on the extant capuchin and marmoset lineages

“…Chilecebus), more especially around the critical question as to whether these taxa are within or outside the crown radiation (e.g., Kay, 2015;Kay & Fleagle, 2010;Rosenberger, 2010, and references within these articles). Some of these taxa (Dolichocebus, Tremacebus, and Homunculus [including "Killikaike"]) are regarded by some as stem members of the Cebidae (Rosenberger & Tejedor, 2013;Rosenberger, Tejedor, Cooke, & Pekar, 2009;Tejedor & Rosenberger, 2008;Tejedor, Tauber, Rosenberger, Swisher, & Palacios, 2006), while some others consider these primates as lying outside the radiation of extant platyrrhines (i.e., stem platyrrhines; e.g., Bloch et al, 2016;Kay, 2010Kay, , 2015Kay et al, 2008;Marivaux et al, 2016;Perry, Kay, Vizcaino, & Bargo, 2014).…”