The analysis of flue gas treatment residues using non-destructive X-ray fluorescence as a regulatory compliance test

Abstract

Current and proposed European Union (EU) regulations require the residual material from municipal solid waste incineration to be characterised prior to disposal. X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) provides a rapid and non-destructive technique for analysing such materials.

Tissue-resident dendritic cells and diseases involving dendritic cell malfunction

“…Specificity of these inhibitors is confirmed by inhibition of IFN-α production by pDCs in response to DNA or RNA viruses, mammalian DNA or RNA, and ICs. These inhibitors of TLR7 or 9 signaling thus represent novel therapeutic agents with potential for the treatment of lupus [ 104 ]. The role of pDCs and type I IFN in the pathogenesis of SLE is summarized in Fig.…”

Atomic spectrometry update. Environmental analysis

“…X-ray fluorescence techniques, by their nature, can provide rapid and non-destructive analyses and these inherent advantages are being exploited in the air-monitoring field. Robertson et al 10 have proposed a WDXRF technique to measure flue gas treatment residues (FGTR) prior to possible disposal in a landfill. A large percentage (20-40%) of FGTR, consisting predominately of alkali metal chlorides, is soluble in water.…”

“…217 In his review of trends in the application of AMS, Fifield 252 identified various areas of science where AMS is making an impact, including rapid landscape evolution, calibration of the radiocarbon time scale, tracing of nuclear discharges and searches for extraterrestrial isotopes. Jull and co-workers 253 highlighted developments in the use of 10 Be and 14 C AMS measurements in dating studies that have geological, paleoclimatic and anthropological applications. Improved methods for the measurement of 10 Be 254,255 and 36 Cl 256,257 in geological materials have been reported.…”