The Amino Acid Content of Sweat in Normal Adults

Coltman, Charles A.; Rowe, Nancy J.; Atwell, Robert J.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/18.5.373

Cited by 47 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Several studies have explored the nutrient environment in certain niches, such as the blood (6,26), human sweat and skin (14,23), and sputa from cystic fibrosis patients (4,45), and suggest varying degrees of nutrient availability in different niches. In particular, niches where auxotrophs appear to thrive, such as the sputa of patients with cystic fibrosis, have a relatively high concentration of amino acids and small peptides compared to more sterile regions, such as the blood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histidine Auxotrophy in Commensal and Disease-Causing Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae

et al. 2007

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Histidine biosynthesis is one of the best studied metabolic pathways in bacteria. Although this pathway is thought to be highly conserved within and between bacterial species, a previous study identified a genetic region within the histidine operon (his) of nontypeable strains of Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) that was more prevalent among otitis media strains than among throat commensal NTHI strains. In the present study, we further characterized this region and showed that genes in the complete his operon (hisG, -D, -C, -NB, -H, -A, -F, and -IE) are >99% conserved among four fully sequenced NTHI strains, are present in the same location in these four genomes, and are situated in the same gene order. Using PCR and dot blot hybridization, we determined that the his operon was significantly more prevalent in otitis media NTHI strains (106/121; 87.7%) than in throat strains (74/137; 54%) (prevalence ratio, 1.62; P < 0.0001), suggesting a possible role in middle ear survival and/or acute otitis media. NTHI strains lacking the his operon showed attenuated growth in histidine-restricted media, confirming them as his-negative auxotrophs. Our results suggest that the ability to make histidine is an important factor in bacterial growth and survival in the middle ear, where nutrients such as histidine may be found in limited amounts. Those isolates lacking the histidine pathway were still able to survive well in the throat, which suggests that histidine is readily available in the throat environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histidine Auxotrophy in Commensal and Disease-Causing Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae

et al. 2007

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“…Substantial variations were observed in relative concentrations of AAs in sweat collected from various areas of the skin [30] , and their concentrations increased markedly in blood and urine on oral protein intake [30] . No differences in AA patterns were seen between young and middle-aged adults, or between men and women [31] . In contrast to essential elements, AAs are neither selectively excreted nor reabsorbed [32] .…”

Section: Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Corrosion Chemistry of Copper: Formation of Potentially Skin-Diffusible Compounds

Hostýnek¹

2004

Exog Dermatol

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Copper and its alloys are subject to chemical reactions on exposure to environmental or physiological factors, whereby products are potentially generated which become diffusible through mammalian skin. The chemistry of oxidation is reviewed as well as the factors contributing to corrosion. Skin exudates (sweat and sebum) can react with metal surfaces they come in contact with, but even in the healthy organism their composition is variable, as a function of physical, pharmacological and environmental conditions, gender, age, sweat rate or body site. This overview addresses sweat and sebum composition, and discusses components which determine the skin’s corrosive action: chloride ion, low-molecular-weight acids and amino acids in sweat, and fatty acids in sebum, which hold the potential to solubilize copper-containing metal objects. These components can form copper salts and soaps whose molecular characteristics (size and polarity) will determine the rate and route of cutaneous penetration.

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“…Twenty-one amino acids were detected in 151 samples of sweat from normal adults. Five types were found in all samples: citrulline, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine and glycine [20]. Subsequently, the types of FAAs in sweat were found to be different from those in other biological fluids (e.g., saliva, semen) and the most abundant FAA was glycine, followed by alanine, citrulline and threonine [21].…”

Section: Metabolic and Excretory Functions Of Sweatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review Focusing on the Excretion and Protection Roles of Sweat in the Skin

Yan

Cui²,

Liu³

et al. 2014

Dermatology

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The skin excretes substances primarily through sweat glands. Several conditions have been demonstrated to be associated with diminished sweating. However, few studies have concentrated on the metabolism and excretion of sweat. This review focuses on the relationship between temperature and the thermoregulatory efficacy of sweat, and then discusses the excretion of sweat, which includes the metabolism of water, minerals, proteins, vitamins as well as toxic substances. The potential role of sweat secretion in hormone homeostasis and the effects on the defense system of the skin are also clarified.

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The Amino Acid Content of Sweat in Normal Adults

Cited by 47 publications

References 8 publications

Histidine Auxotrophy in Commensal and Disease-Causing Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae

Histidine Auxotrophy in Commensal and Disease-Causing Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae

Corrosion Chemistry of Copper: Formation of Potentially Skin-Diffusible Compounds

Systematic Review Focusing on the Excretion and Protection Roles of Sweat in the Skin

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