2018
DOI: 10.1785/0220170256
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The Ambient Seismic Field at Groningen Gas Field: An Overview from the Surface to Reservoir Depth

Abstract: The long-term exploitation of the Groningen gas field led to compaction at reservoir depth, subsequent ground subsidence, and recently earthquakes. As part of an ongoing effort to quantify the hazard and risk in the region, several permanent and temporary seismic arrays have been deployed. As a result, the Groningen area is one of the seismologically best-instrumented areas worldwide. In this article, we describe several seismic experiments that were conducted in the region and take advantage of the numerous p… Show more

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Cited by 30 publications
(32 citation statements)
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References 42 publications
(46 reference statements)
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“…With dense arrays, both high-frequency surface waves (e.g. Lin et al 2013;Spica et al 2018b) and body waves (Nakata et al 2015;Spica et al 2018b) can be extracted and used to determine Figure 1. The LASSIE array and the Los Angeles basin area.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…With dense arrays, both high-frequency surface waves (e.g. Lin et al 2013;Spica et al 2018b) and body waves (Nakata et al 2015;Spica et al 2018b) can be extracted and used to determine Figure 1. The LASSIE array and the Los Angeles basin area.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Part of this response includes the construction of a permanent shallow borehole microseismic network (the G-array; Fig. 1b) and the deployment of temporary nodal seismic experiments involving up to ∼415 three-component sensors (e.g., Spica et al, 2018).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1c), to characterize the subsurface with high resolution using a novel joint inversion of HVSR and Love-wave plus Rayleigh-wave dispersion, as measured from seismic interferometry with small-aperture array techniques. The ASF in the Groningen area is remarkably rich in higher-mode surface waves (Spica et al, 2018). Although higher modes are often considered as a problem and then avoided, they provide strong constraints on the velocity model because they are sensitive to different depths than the fundamental mode at the same frequency (e.g., Tomar et al, 2018).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Recordings from the flexible network have been used by NAM to infer the sub-surface shear-wave velocity profiles of different parts of the field down to 30, 100 and 800 m of depth, deployed with a mean inter-station spacing ranging up to 4 km. Studies making use of flexible network recordings include Spica et al (2018) and Stafford et al (2019).…”
Section: The Household Networkmentioning
confidence: 99%