The Aging Kidney: A Review – Part II

Silva, Fred G.

doi:10.1007/s11255-004-0874-5

Cited by 54 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…The variation curve of the mean glomerular volume during the aging process evidenced in our work was similar to the ones found in studies lead in human beings [19][20][21][22] . However, Cortes et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Another point to be considered is the fact that endogenous creatinine is produced in the organism to be directly proportional to the muscular mass. In Wistar rats, the decline in the muscular mass is very small (approximately 5%), whereas in men these values are around 25% reduction 15 With strong statistical significance, the gradual reduction of the glomerular volume density and the glomerular numerical density found in the stereological analysis of the renal tissue of the rats in the groups of animals gradually older, clearly demonstrates the process of renal aging as already well-established in literature [17][18][19][20][21] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

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Quantitative analysis of the renal aging in rats. Stereological study

et al. 2016

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Brazil. Scientific, intellectual, conception and design of the study; analysis and interpretation of data; statistics analysis; critical revision. ABSTRACT PURPOSE:To evaluate the renal function and the renal histological alterations through the stereology and morphometrics in rats submitted to the natural process of aging. METHODS:Seventy two Wistar rats, divided in six groups. Each group was sacrificed in a different age: 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months.It was performed right nephrectomy, stereological and morphometric analysis of the renal tissue (renal volume and weight, density of volume (Vv [glom] ) and numerical density (Nv [glom] ) of the renal glomeruli and average glomerular volume (Vol [glom] )) and also it was evaluated the renal function for the dosage of serum creatinine and urea. RESULTS:There was significant decrease of the renal function in the oldest rats. The renal volume presented gradual increase during the development of the rats with the biggest values registered in the group of animals at 12 months of age and significant progressive decrease in older animals. Vv [glom] presented statistically significant gradual reduction between the groups and the Nv [glom] also decreased significantly. CONCLUSIONS:The renal function proved to be inferior in senile rats when compared to the young rats. The morphometric and stereological analysis evidenced renal atrophy, gradual reduction of the volume density and numerical density of the renal glomeruli associated to the aging process.Key words: Aging. Kidney. Histology. Rats.Quantitative analysis of the renal aging in rats. Stereological study Acta

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Quantitative analysis of the renal aging in rats. Stereological study

et al. 2016

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“…Aging causes structural and functional changes in human systems, sometimes leading to organ failure (36,37). As such, susceptibility to ARF in the elderly may be due to an underlying compromise of renal function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased susceptibility of aging kidney to ischemic injury: identification of candidate genes changed during aging, but corrected by caloric restriction

Chen¹,

Bridenbaugh²,

Akintola³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

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Aging is associated with an increased incidence and severity of acute renal failure. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the increased susceptibility to injury remains undefined. These experiments were designed to investigate the influence of age on the response of the kidney to ischemic injury and to identify candidate genes that may mediate this response. Renal slices prepared from young (5 mo), aged ad libitum (aged-AL; 24 mo), and aged caloric-restricted (aged-CR; 24 mo) male Fischer 344 rats were subjected to ischemic stress (100% N2) for 0 -60 min. As assessed by biochemical and histological evaluation, slices from aged-AL rats were more susceptible to injury than young counterparts. Importantly, caloric restriction attenuated the increased susceptibility to injury. In an attempt to identify the molecular pathway(s) underlying this response, microarray analysis was performed on tissue harvested from the same animals used for the viability experiments. RNA was isolated and the corresponding cDNA was hybridized to CodeLink Rat Whole Genome Bioarray slides. Subsequent gene expression analysis was performed using GeneSpring software. Using two-sample t-tests and a twofold cut-off, the expression of 92 genes was changed during aging and attenuated by caloric restriction, including claudin-7, kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), and matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7). Claudin-7 gene expression peaked at 18 mo; however, increased protein expression in certain tubular epithelial cells was seen at 24 mo. Kim-1 gene expression was not elevated at 8 or 12 mo but was at 18 and 24 mo. However, changes in Kim-1 protein expression were only seen at 24 mo and corresponded to increased urinary levels. Importantly, these changes were attenuated by caloric restriction. MMP-7 gene expression was decreased at 8 mo, but an age-dependent increase was seen at 24 mo. Increased MMP-7 protein expression in tubular epithelial cells at 24 mo was correlated with the gene expression pattern. In summary, we identified genes changed by aging and changes attenuated by caloric restriction. This will facilitate investigation into the molecular mechanism mediating the age-related increase in susceptibility to injury. ischemia; microarray analysis ISCHEMIA IS A LEADING cause of acute renal failure (ARF), which develops in ϳ4 -7% of hospitalized patients each year (20).Common conditions leading to ischemia include cardiovascular disease, stroke, dehydration, and surgery, all of which place the elderly population at risk for ischemic ARF. Although the mortality rates for ARF are decreasing, the rates still range from 20 to 35% (45, 47). Importantly, Xue et al. (47) established age as a risk factor for ARF. This is in agreement with previous studies that have associated age with a higher risk for ARF (25,29,30). Pascual et al. (26) suggested that the incidence of ARF is 3.5 times higher in patients over 70 and the aged patients had a higher mortality rate. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism(s) that underlie the age-depen...

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“…In the small arteries, the intima is thickened due to proliferation of the elastic tissue, the media shows atrophy and there is dysfunction of the autonomic vascular reflex (table 2). Renal tubules undergo fatty degeneration and irregular thickening of their basal membrane with increasing zones of tubular atrophy and fibrosis [1,2]. In a recent study, Rule at al.…”

Section: Structural and Physiological Senile Renal Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and Physiological Changes of the Kidneys Including Changes in Glomerular Filtration Rate

2011

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In addition to the structural changes in the kidney associated with aging, physiological changes in renal function are also found in older adults, such as decreased glomerular filtration rate, vascular dysautonomia, altered tubular handling of creatinine, reduction in sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion, and diminished renal reserve. These alterations make aged individuals susceptible to the development of clinical conditions in response to usual stimuli that would otherwise be compensated for in younger individuals, including acute kidney injury, volume depletion and overload, disorders of serum sodium and potassium concentration, and toxic reactions to water-soluble drugs excreted by the kidneys. Additionally, the preservation with aging of a normal urinalysis, normal serum urea and creatinine values, erythropoietin synthesis, and normal phosphorus, calcium and magnesium tubular handling distinguishes decreased GFR due to normal aging from that due to chronic kidney disease.

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The Aging Kidney: A Review – Part II

Cited by 54 publications

References 136 publications

Quantitative analysis of the renal aging in rats. Stereological study

Quantitative analysis of the renal aging in rats. Stereological study

Increased susceptibility of aging kidney to ischemic injury: identification of candidate genes changed during aging, but corrected by caloric restriction

Aging and Physiological Changes of the Kidneys Including Changes in Glomerular Filtration Rate

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