The age of Yellow River water in the Bohai Sea

Liu, Zhe; Wang, Haiyan; Guo, Xinyu; Wang, Qiang; Gao, Huiwang

doi:10.1029/2012jc008263

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Fig. 8b), being typically~0.02e0.03 m s À1 in calm weather and <0.1 m s À1 during storms, in agreement with the observations of Liu et al (2012) and Wang et al (2014).…”

Section: Predictionssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…From these modeling studies, it was suggested that Yellow Sea waters enter Bohai Strait in the north while Bohai Sea water flows out to the Yellow Sea through the strait in the south (Huang et al, 1999;Fang et al, 2000;Cheng et al, 2004;Hainbucher et al, 2004;Li et al, 2005;Lu et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2012). These models were also used to estimate the residence time in the Bohai Sea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, these calculations may be sensitive on the value of the horizontal eddy diffusion coefficient, which is unknown a priori. Hainbucher et al (2004) did not include horizontal eddy diffusion in their ocean mixing model and Liu et al (2012) chose a value of the horizontal eddy diffusion coefficient to be 15 m 2 s À1 . However typical value could be higher, probably of the order of 25 m 2 s À1 (Hrycik et al, 2013) and possibly up to 100 m 2 s À1 especially during storms (Alosairi et al, 2011;Uncles and Torres, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What processes control the net currents through shallow straits? A review with application to the Bohai Strait, China

Wolanski

Zhang

2015

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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a b s t r a c tWe review the key processes controlling the net water circulation in shallow straits. The circulation is mainly barotropic, driven by the difference in mean sea level and tides on either side of the strait, the wind, the meandering of the currents in the adjoining seas, the bathymetry including the shape and width of the mouths and the presence of narrows, shoals, sills, islands, and lateral embayments. As the oceanography forcing can be non-synchronised on either side of the strait, the resulting net currents through the strait may appear chaotic. We apply these findings to the net circulation through the Bohai Strait in China using local wind, remote-sensing data of currents and sea level, and a hydrodynamic model. The net currents through the Bohai Strait were episodic. They were largest during winter storms when the wind generated a cyclonic coastal current in the northern Yellow Sea that flowed across the width of the Bohai Strait. Like the Luzon Strait, this current meandered and a branch of the current intruded into the northern Bohai Strait along the deeper channel. The wind set-up in the Bohai Sea and the wind-driven longshore current in the southern Bohai Sea generated a seaward flow through the southern Bohai Strait, somewhat like in Irbe Strait. As with the straits of the Seto Inland Sea, stagnation occurred in some embayments. As in the Torres Strait, the islands in the southern Bohai Strait retarded the net flow and increased the width of the outflow zone. These flows were also modulated at very long periods (~60 days) by long waves in the Yellow Sea, possibly generated by meandering of the Kuroshio Current that created an additional sea level slope through the strait. The transit time in the Bohai Strait was 60 and 10 days, respectively, during calm weather and winter storms. The residence time in the Bohai Sea was estimated to be about 1.68 years by the LOICZ model and 1.56 years by the hydrodynamic model, and the influence of the river runoff, including the Yellow River, was negligible.

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“…Fig. 8b), being typically~0.02e0.03 m s À1 in calm weather and <0.1 m s À1 during storms, in agreement with the observations of Liu et al (2012) and Wang et al (2014).…”

Section: Predictionssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

What processes control the net currents through shallow straits? A review with application to the Bohai Strait, China

Wolanski

Zhang

2015

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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“…Their spreading and deposition control the biological and sedimentological dynamics, and hence, the ecological and morphological state of the Bohai Sea. To quantitatively understand the transport timescales of dissolved material discharged from large rivers into a semi-enclosed sea, the age of Yellow River water in the Bohai Sea was calculated using numerical models ( Liu et al, 2012) . The results showed that the Yellow River water has a mean age of 3． 0 years for the entire Bohai Sea, with a range of 1． 2~3． 9 years increasing from the Yellow River estuary towards the Liaodong Bay.…”

Section: Transport Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrography-Physical Description of the Bohai Sea

Bian

Jiang

Pohlmann³

et al. 2016

Journal of Coastal Research

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“…Water age, which is defined as ''the time that has elapsed since the particle under consideration left the region in which its age is prescribed as being zero" (Delhez et al, 1999), is a useful indicator for the temporal and spatial quantification of the transport time of pollutants (Takeoka, 1984;Boynton et al, 1995;Delhez et al, 1999;Shen and Wang, 2007;Li et al, 2011). The concept of water age has been extensively applied in coastal water areas with intense water exchange, which is induced by tides and wind (Deleersnijder et al, 2001;Liu and Huang, 2009;Liu et al, 2012), and lakes and reservoirs with intense water movement, which is induced by human regulations Shen et al, 2011;Wu et al, 2013). These studies also explored the dominant controlling factors of water age, such as the inflow/outflow and wind.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of revised thermal stability on pollutant transport time in a deep reservoir

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2016

Journal of Hydrology

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Keywords:Thermal stratification Revised Schmidt stability Water age Deep reservoir Three-dimensional model s u m m a r y Thermal stability (Schmidt stability) and water age, which are significantly related to water quality and algae bloom in deep reservoirs, are two crucial indicators of stratification strength and pollutant transport time, respectively. Here, the original Schmidt stability, which was derived from a onedimensional assumption, was theoretically extended to a three-dimensional water body. In addition, a three-dimensional model was verified for the case study of Hongfeng Reservoir in China based on data from 2009 and 2010. Although the revised stability was similar to the original stability of Hongfeng Reservoir, which occurred at a relatively low level, the greater stratification in other deep water bodies would enhance their difference. Air temperature and water depth were the most important factors of the temporal variation in stability and the spatial variation in stability, respectively. The pollutant transport processes in the Hongfeng Reservoir was very complex with alternate appearances of overflow, interflow and underflow, depending on the season. The spatial water age was primarily determined by the morphometry and the inflow/outflow (with the highest water age in North Lake), whereas the vertical difference in the water age among the layers was primarily controlled by thermal stratification. Negative linear relationships between the average stability and the water ages of the bottom layers in three representative sites during summer were observed. Positive linear relationships between the average stability and the water ages of the surface layers were also observed. These findings enable a better understanding of the hydrodynamic and pollutant transport processes in a deep reservoir.

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The age of Yellow River water in the Bohai Sea

Cited by 43 publications

References 46 publications

What processes control the net currents through shallow straits? A review with application to the Bohai Strait, China

What processes control the net currents through shallow straits? A review with application to the Bohai Strait, China

Hydrography-Physical Description of the Bohai Sea

Impact of revised thermal stability on pollutant transport time in a deep reservoir

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