The adolescent parent

Sadler, Lois S.; Catrone, Constance

doi:10.1016/s0197-0070(83)80027-8

Cited by 47 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The impact of repeated pregnancy on stunting can be explained by the ‘dual-developmental crisis’ experienced by young mothers during their repeated conceptions 32 , 33 . The ongoing nutritional requirement of young mothers due to puberty may deplete foetal nutrition causing low birthweight 34 which we also found to be strongly associated with stunting in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stunting of children under two from repeated pregnancy among young mothers

Maravilla¹,

Betts²,

Adair³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Repeated pregnancy leaves young mothers nutritionally deprived which may in turn lead to poor infant growth. We measure the occurrence and persistence of stunting among offspring of young mothers who experienced repeated pregnancies using data from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey. We selected mothers aged 14-24 years (n = 1,033) with singleton birth. We determined the length-forage z scores (LAZ) at 12 and 24 months of the index child using the World Health Organisation 2007 growth standard. We fitted LAZ, stunting occurrence (i.e. LAZ < − 2) and persistence from 12 to 24 months into regression models and tested for the mediating effect of low birthweight and feeding practices. In these models, repeated pregnancy was analysed in an ordinal approach using number of past pregnancies of young mothers at birth of the index child. compared to infants born to young mothers aged 14-24 years who had no previous pregnancies, those born to young mothers with repeated pregnancies have at least 0.15 (95% CI − 0.23, − 0.08) LAZ lower and are at higher chance of stunting by at least 40% (95% CI 1.19, 1.67) at 12 and 24 months. Similar cohorts of infants showed an elevated risk of persistent stunting from 12 through 24 months with a relative risk ratio of 1.51 (95% CI 1.21, 1.88). Optimal feeding practices substantially mediated stunting outcomes by further reducing the effects of repeated pregnancy to stunting occurrence and persistence by 19.95% and 18.09% respectively. Mediation tests also showed low birthweight in the causal pathway between repeated pregnancy and stunting. Repeated pregnancy in young mothers is a predictor of stunting among children under 2 years. Secondary pregnancy prevention measures and addressing suboptimal feeding practices are beneficial to mitigate the negative impact of repeated adolescent pregnancy on children. Globally, stunting affects more than 100 million children under five 1 , and is associated with poor cognition, reduced school performance, immunodeficiency, and child mortality 2. In addition to adverse health outcomes, stunted children tend to have poorer economic productivity and lower wages in adulthood 3. These negative impacts make stunting, especially in 'the first 1,000 days' 4 , a profound indicator of poor health, social inequality, and disadvantage. The pathogenesis of stunting originates in the first 1,000 days, extending from early foetal development to 24 months after birth. Inadequate maternal nutrition and poor antenatal care can directly and indirectly result in an unhealthy intrauterine environment and poor foetal growth 5. Immediately following birth, suboptimal infant feeding practices slow offspring's growth rate 5. For example, sub-optimal (i.e. late, inadequate and inappropriate) complementary feeding negatively affects infant nutrition due to the rapid increase in nutritional needs after 6 months of age. Diarrheal infections and hygiene practices related to poor socioeconomic status (SES) can also lead to stunting due to nutrient malabsorption and h...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stunting of children under two from repeated pregnancy among young mothers

Maravilla¹,

Betts²,

Adair³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Parenting stressors, such as the affordability of childcare services, daily caretaking hassles including feeding and sleeping problems, excessive crying and illness, child temperamental difficulties, and balancing work-family demands, have all been associated with a greater risk of depressive symptoms [8–10]. Adolescent parents compared to their adult counterparts are more likely to experience parental stress due to developmental immaturity, inability to think abstractly, living in poverty, having experienced ineffective parenting, poor limit setting, and high family dysfunction [11–13]. Prior data have suggested that women with postpartum depression are less attached to their infants, find their infants more demanding, and experience significant parenting stress compared to those without depression, and that these interactional difficulties may persist beyond the first year postpartum [2, 14, 15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Parental Stress and Postpartum Depression Among Adolescent Mothers Enrolled in a Randomized Controlled Prevention Trial

Venkatesh

Phipps

Triche

et al. 2013

Matern Child Health J

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Given the high co-occurrence of depression and parental stress among adolescent mothers, we evaluated the relationship between parental stress and postpartum depression among primiparous adolescent mothers. We conducted an observational analysis among a cohort of 106 adolescent mothers at 289 postpartum visits who were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial to prevent postpartum depression. Parental stress was measured using the Parenting Stress Index, short form. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Childhood Diagnoses was administered to assess for postpartum depression; subthreshold depression was assessed using the Children's Depression Rating Scale, revised version. Generalized estimating equations were utilized to assess the relationship of parental stress on postpartum depression during the first 6 months postpartum. We present adjusted odds ratios (AOR) controlling for study arm, age, born in the United States, prior history of depression, and number of study visits. The median age was 16 years, 53 % were Latina, and 16 % reported a past history of depression. Nineteen adolescents (19 %) were diagnosed with postpartum depression and 25 % experienced high levels of parental stress through 6 months postpartum. Adolescent mothers who reported higher levels of parental stress were at significantly increased risk for postpartum depression [AOR 1.06 (95 % CI 1.04–1.09); p < 0.0001]. High levels of parental stress predicted subsequent postpartum depression when assessing parental stress at visits prior to a depression diagnosis to determine whether we could establish a temporal association [AOR 1.06 (95 % CI 1.02– 1.09); p < 0.01]. Parental stress was also a risk factor for subthreshold depression [AOR 1.04 (95 % CI 1.01– 1.07); p < 0.01]. Parental stress was a significant risk factor for developing both postpartum depression as well as subthreshold depression among adolescent mothers. Interventions that target a reduction in parental stress may lead to less depression severity among primiparous adolescent mothers.

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“…It has been suggested that adolescent mothers are more likely to experience stresses that adversely affect parenting and, as a result, to behave inappropriately as parents (Elster, McAnarney, & Lamb, 1983). Difficulties in handling the challenges of parent-hood concurrently with the challenges of adolescence are also cited (Lamb, 1988; Sadler & Catrone, 1983).…”

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confidence: 99%

Roles of living arrangements and grandmother social support in adolescent mothering and infant attachment.

Spieker

Bensley

1994

Developmental Psychology

154

123

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We examined the roles of social support from adolescents' mothers and living arrangements in 197 adolescent mother-infant pairs. Major observational measures were teaching interactions, Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) scores, and infant attachment security. Adolescents living with neither mothers nor partners had better teaching interactions but lower HOME scores compared with those living with mothers. High mother support was associated with more secure infant attachment only for those adolescents living with partners. When mother support was low, adolescents living alone had more secure infants than adolescents living with partners. Although parenting scores were related to differences in demographics and personal resources (intelligence and social skills), these did not appear to be responsible for the major findings.

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The adolescent parent

Cited by 47 publications

References 17 publications

Stunting of children under two from repeated pregnancy among young mothers

Stunting of children under two from repeated pregnancy among young mothers

The Relationship Between Parental Stress and Postpartum Depression Among Adolescent Mothers Enrolled in a Randomized Controlled Prevention Trial

Roles of living arrangements and grandmother social support in adolescent mothering and infant attachment.

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