“…[1][2][3] Considerable attention has already been focused on the reaction mechanisms, catalysts, kinetics, reaction conditions and reaction activities. [4][5][6][7][8] Generally, many routine techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), liquid chromatography (LC), mass spectrometry (MS), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and so on, were employed to obtain rich structural information. [9][10][11] However, the essentially special treatments of the sample limited the operando characterization under practical reaction conditions.…”