The addition of heat pump electricity load profiles to GB electricity demand: Evidence from a heat pump field trial

Love, Jenna; Smith, Anne B.; Watson, Stephen; Oikonomou, Eleni; Summerfield, Alex; Gleeson, Colin; Biddulph, P.; Chiu, Lai Fong; Wingfield, J; Martin, Chris; Stone, Andrew; Lowe, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.07.026

Cited by 138 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Similarly, Sun et al, 11 using a metric called 'After Diversity Maximum Demand', measured customer diversity and showed that as the number of households served by a retailer increased the quantity risk experienced by the retailer decreased. Furthermore, the maximum aggregated peak demand from these households also decreased, similar to the observations made by Elombo et al and Love et al 12,13 It is important to note that 'After Diversity Maximum Demand' is the maximum average aggregated peak electricity demand that a distribution system is likely to experience from a group of customers belonging to a given customer class. 11 Researchers 14 were also able to show that increasing the diversity of customers (as measured by the After Diversity Maximum Demand) reduced the gas and electricity demand per household dwelling by up to 47%.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

The effect of sociodemographic diversity of residential customers on the financial risk experienced in the retail electricity market

et al. 2020

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The sociodemographic diversity of residential customers can affect the level of financial risk that an electricity provider experiences in the retail market. To demonstrate the relationship between sociodemographic diversity and financial risk, electricity consumption data drawn from the United Kingdom Power Networks 'Low Carbon London' project was analyzed to explore the relationship between sociodemographic diversity and financial risk experienced by electricity retailers. The results show that when increasing the sociodemographic diversity amongst a group of residential customers the effect on financial risk depends on the electricity consumption patterns of individual customers and the relationship of consumption patterns between residential customers. Increasing sociodemographic diversity amongst residential customers with very distinct energy consumption patterns can decrease the overall financial risk associated with the aggregated revenue received from these customers. However, the results showed that adding customers to a customer base without consideration for their sociodemographic background can cause the overall financial risk associated with the aggregated revenue received to change erratically. Whilst previous studies have considered customer diversity and its influence on peak electricity demand, this research advances the stateof-the-art by showing the importance of customer diversity to the financial quantity risk experienced by electricity retailers. This finding has serious implications for electricity providers seeking to mitigate financial risk in the retail electricity market.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

The effect of sociodemographic diversity of residential customers on the financial risk experienced in the retail electricity market

et al. 2020

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“…Therefore, a substitution of fossil energy carriers in these two sectors by electricity-based technologies seems to be most effective. With respect to buildings, it is primarily the substitution of fossil heaters and boilers operated on heating oil and natural gas by heat pumps [8,9]. With regard to mobility, it is primarily the substitution of internal combustion engines (ICE) running on fossil gasoline and diesel fuels by battery electric vehicles (BEV) [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of an Increased Substitution of Fossil Energy Carriers with Electricity-Based Technologies on the Swiss Electricity System

2019

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Electrifying the energy system with heat pumps and battery electric vehicles (BEV) is a strategy of Switzerland and many other countries to reduce CO2 emissions. A large electrification, however, poses several new challenges for the electricity system, particularly in combination with a simultaneous substitution of nuclear power plants (NPP) by volatile renewables such as photovoltaics (PV). In this study, these challenges in terms of additional electricity demands, deficits and surpluses as well as effective CO2 mitigation are assessed in a dynamic and data-driven approach. To this end, electricity demand and production profiles are synthesized based on measured data and specifications and assumptions of the key technologies at a high temporal resolution. The additional electricity demand of heat pumps is estimated from hourly measured heat demand profiles of a Swiss district heating provider, while for BEV different recharging patterns are combined. For electricity production, NPP are deducted from the current electricity production profile, while PV is added at an hourly resolution. In order to estimate CO2 emissions, life-cycle analysis (LCA) CO2 intensities of the different technologies are used. It is shown that with a BEV and heat pump penetration of 20% and 75%, respectively, there is an almost 25% (13.7 TWh/year) increase of the electricity demand and—just as challenging—an additional maximum power requirement of 5.9 GWh/h (hourly-averaged power). Without additional storage options, large amounts of electricity must be imported in winter and at night, while in summer at noon there is a large surplus from PV. Due to their high CO2 intensities—at least for the next decades—electricity imports and PV may—depending on the reference scenario (with or without NPP) and assumptions on other key parameters—even offset the overall CO2 savings of a highly electrified Swiss energy system.

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“…8 Nevertheless, despite the different operating characteristics of heat pumps, Love et al (2017) show that demand peaks morning and evening (with the highest peak in the morning) are present among a sample of 696 UK homes with heat pumps. Their simulation of the impact of HPs in 20% of UK dwellings shows the heat pump demand 'beginning to create a morning peak in the grid load where there was not one before' (Love et al 2017 p338).…”

Section: Household Thermal Routines As Described By Householdersmentioning

confidence: 99%

How household thermal routines shape UK home heating demand patterns

Hanmer

Shipworth

et al. 2018

Energy Efficiency

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In homes in the UK, it is very common to operate space heating intermittently; the heating is usually switched off when the occupants are asleep at night and when they are out during the day. The strong association between heating operation and household routines leads to a morning peak in demand which, if it persists following electrification of heating, will require significant reinforcement of electricity supply networks.This paper examines factors that underpin how heating is used in the UK. A unique dataset of heating controller settings from 337 UK allows investigation of how patterns of heating operation in individual homes contribute to daily patterns of space heating energy consumption at the group level. A mixed method approach is followed, combining quantitative analysis of data with interviews with householders.The concept of thermal routines is introduced, bringing a time dimension to the consideration of domestic thermal comfort and recognising that demand for space heating is linked to patterns of practices in the home, which are themselves linked to social routines, e.g. timing of work and school. The results from this study suggest that household thermal routines around 07:00 in the morning are a particularly important consideration for a transition to future energy systems with a high proportion of low carbon heat. Factors that currently limit flexibility of heating demand in the UK are identified, and the implications for a transition to low carbon heating sources are discussed.

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The addition of heat pump electricity load profiles to GB electricity demand: Evidence from a heat pump field trial

Cited by 138 publications

References 17 publications

The effect of sociodemographic diversity of residential customers on the financial risk experienced in the retail electricity market

The effect of sociodemographic diversity of residential customers on the financial risk experienced in the retail electricity market

Impacts of an Increased Substitution of Fossil Energy Carriers with Electricity-Based Technologies on the Swiss Electricity System

How household thermal routines shape UK home heating demand patterns

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