The adaptive transition of glioblastoma stem cells and its implications on treatments

Wang, Zeyu; Zhang, Hao; Xu, Shengchao; Liu, Zhixiong; Cheng, Quan

doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00491-w

Cited by 56 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 197 publications

(281 reference statements)

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“…CD74 was highly expressed in grade IV, IDH wildtype, 1p19q non-codeletion, and MGMT unmethylated gliomas. Moreover, CD74 was highly expressed in the mesenchymal subtype, which was the most malignant molecular subtype of glioma ( Wang et al, 2021 ). Besides, the protein level of CD74 was markedly elevated in the higher-grade glioma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD74 Correlated With Malignancies and Immune Microenvironment in Gliomas

Tang

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Background: Cluster of differentiation 74 (CD74) is found to be highly involved in the development of various types of cancers and could affect the activities of infiltrated cells in the tumor microenvironment. However, these studies only focus on a few types of immune cells. Our study aims to comprehensively explore the role of CD74 in glioma prognosis and immune microenvironment.Methods: A total of 40 glioma specimens were collected in this study. We extracted data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and Gene-Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases to explore the expression pattern of CD74 in gliomas. gene sets enrichment analysis and gene set variation analysis analyses were conducted to characterize the immune features of CD74. ESTIMATE, ssGSEA, Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource, and CIBERSORT algorithms were applied to assess the immune infiltration. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for survival analysis. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of CD74 in glioma diagnosis and prognosis.Results: A total of 2,399 glioma patients were included in our study. CD74 was highly expressed in glioma tissue compared to normal brain tissue and its expression was significantly higher in the high-grade glioma compared to the lower grade glioma at transcriptional and translational levels. Besides, CD74 was positively associated with immune checkpoints and inflammatory cytokines as well as immune processes including cytokine secretion and leukocyte activation. The high expression of CD74 indicated a high infiltration of immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils. Moreover, patients with high expression of CD74 had poor prognoses. CD74 had moderate predictive accuracy in the diagnosis of glioblastoma and prediction of survival.Conclusions: In conclusion, our study revealed that the high expression of CD74 was associated with poor prognosis and high immune infiltration. CD74 could be used as a potential target for glioma treatment and as a biomarker to predict the prognosis of glioma patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD74 Correlated With Malignancies and Immune Microenvironment in Gliomas

Tang

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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“…GSC were found to share many common features with neural stem cells (NSC); they are capable of indefinite self-renewal and multipotent differentiation, and they express genes that promote NSC phenotypes such as NESTIN and SOX2 [ 23 ]. Glioblastoma stem-like cells are highly resistant to therapeutic treatments, radiation, and display high invasiveness of healthy brain [ 24 ]. Many of the invasive mechanisms utilized by GSC were found to mimic NSC motility in white matter and blood vessels [ 16 ].…”

Section: Glioma Cells In 2d and 3d Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Glioblastoma Models: A Journey into the Third Dimension

Paolillo

Comincini

Schinelli

2021

Cancers

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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor in adults, with an average survival time of about one year from initial diagnosis. In the attempt to overcome the complexity and drawbacks associated with in vivo GBM models, together with the need of developing systems dedicated to screen new potential drugs, considerable efforts have been devoted to the implementation of reliable and affordable in vitro GBM models. Recent findings on GBM molecular features, revealing a high heterogeneity between GBM cells and also between other non-tumor cells belonging to the tumoral niche, have stressed the limitations of the classical 2D cell culture systems. Recently, several novel and innovative 3D cell cultures models for GBM have been proposed and implemented. In this review, we first describe the different populations and their functional role of GBM and niche non-tumor cells that could be used in 3D models. An overview of the current available 3D in vitro systems for modeling GBM, together with their major weaknesses and strengths, is presented. Lastly, we discuss the impact of groundbreaking technologies, such as bioprinting and multi-omics single cell analysis, on the future implementation of 3D in vitro GBM models.

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“…Immunotherapy is divided into 5 different classes: cell-based immunotherapies, immunomodulators (checkpoint inhibitors), vaccines, antibody-based targeted therapies and oncolytic viruses. Traditional treatment methods (radiotherapy and chemotherapy) have a poor curative effect due to tumor resistance to treatment 139 . The role of immunotherapy is to enhance or inhibit the immune system to fight against diseases, and kill cancer cells and tumor tissues relying on the immune function.…”

Section: Advances Of Ir-seq In Clinical Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The methods and advances of adaptive immune receptors repertoire sequencing

Pan

Tang

et al. 2021

Theranostics

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The adaptive immune response is a powerful tool, capable of recognizing, binding to, and neutralizing a vast number of internal and external threats via T or B lymphatic receptors with widespread sets of antigen specificities. The emergence of high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics provides opportunities for research in the fields of life sciences and medicine. The analysis and annotation for immune repertoire data can reveal biologically meaningful information, including immune prediction, target antigens, and effective evaluation. Continuous improvements of the immunological repertoire sequencing methods and analysis tools will help to minimize the experimental and calculation errors and realize the immunological information to meet the clinical requirements. That said, the clinical application of adaptive immune repertoire sequencing requires appropriate experimental methods and standard analytical tools. At the population cell level, we can acquire the overview of cell groups, but the information about a single cell is not obtained accurately. The information that is ignored may be crucial for understanding the heterogeneity of each cell, gene expression and drug response. The combination of high-throughput sequencing and single-cell technology allows us to obtain single-cell information with low-cost and high-throughput. In this review, we summarized the current methods and progress in this area.

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The adaptive transition of glioblastoma stem cells and its implications on treatments

Cited by 56 publications

References 197 publications

CD74 Correlated With Malignancies and Immune Microenvironment in Gliomas

CD74 Correlated With Malignancies and Immune Microenvironment in Gliomas

In Vitro Glioblastoma Models: A Journey into the Third Dimension

The methods and advances of adaptive immune receptors repertoire sequencing

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