CD74 Correlated With Malignancies and Immune Microenvironment in Gliomas

Abstract

Background: Cluster of differentiation 74 (CD74) is found to be highly involved in the development of various types of cancers and could affect the activities of infiltrated cells in the tumor microenvironment. However, these studies only focus on a few types of immune cells. Our study aims to comprehensively explore the role of CD74 in glioma prognosis and immune microenvironment.Methods: A total of 40 glioma specimens were collected in this study. We extracted data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and Gene-Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases to explore the expression pattern of CD74 in gliomas. gene sets enrichment analysis and gene set variation analysis analyses were conducted to characterize the immune features of CD74. ESTIMATE, ssGSEA, Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource, and CIBERSORT algorithms were applied to assess the immune infiltration. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for survival analysis. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of CD74 in glioma diagnosis and prognosis.Results: A total of 2,399 glioma patients were included in our study. CD74 was highly expressed in glioma tissue compared to normal brain tissue and its expression was significantly higher in the high-grade glioma compared to the lower grade glioma at transcriptional and translational levels. Besides, CD74 was positively associated with immune checkpoints and inflammatory cytokines as well as immune processes including cytokine secretion and leukocyte activation. The high expression of CD74 indicated a high infiltration of immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils. Moreover, patients with high expression of CD74 had poor prognoses. CD74 had moderate predictive accuracy in the diagnosis of glioblastoma and prediction of survival.Conclusions: In conclusion, our study revealed that the high expression of CD74 was associated with poor prognosis and high immune infiltration. CD74 could be used as a potential target for glioma treatment and as a biomarker to predict the prognosis of glioma patients.

Bioinformatics analysis and experiments identify CD74 as a potential immune target in ovarian carcinoma

“…also involved in glioma immune infiltration, is closely associated with the existence of multiple immune cells(Xu et al, 2021). Our study also confirmed a correlation between CD74 and various immune cells and functions.…”

Pan-Cancer Analysis Shows That ALKBH5 Is a Potential Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Biomarker for Multiple Cancer Types Including Gliomas

“…found that ALKBH5 promoted the generation of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment via hypoxia-induced paraspeckle assembly and IL8 secretion ( 73 ). These results suggested that ALKBH5 could be acted as a potential therapeutic target for glioma and as a novel marker to predict prognosis of glioma patients ( 74 ). In addition, analysis of the seven inflammation and immune related clusters suggested that high ALKBH5 expression activated the antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes, and enhanced interferon signaling in the glioma tissues.…”

Ferroptosis Activation Scoring Model Assists in Chemotherapeutic Agents’ Selection and Mediates Cross-Talk With Immunocytes in Malignant Glioblastoma

“…Some of them have already been reported. For instance, the roles of PROS1-AXL (34), LAT-TNFRSF1B (35), ANXA1-FPR1 (36,37), MIF-CD74 (38)(39)(40), SPP1-CD44 (41), VEGFB-VEGFR (42), IL6-IL6R (43), and OSM-OSMR (44) have been confirmed in macrophage activation in GBM. Additionally, more novel combinations are first proposed in this work, including TRAIL signaling pathway (TNFSF10-TNFRSF10B), TWEAK signaling pathway (TNFSF12-TNFRSF12A), VISFATIN signaling pathway (NAMPT-(ITGA5+OTGB1)), ncWNT signaling pathway (WNTSA-FZD3), PARs signaling pathway (PRSS3-F2R), and RESISTIN signaling pathway (RETN-CAP1).…”