The adaptive metabolic response to exercise-induced weight loss influences both energy expenditure and energy intake

Hopkins, Mark; Gibbons, Catherine; Caudwell, Phillipa; Hellström, Per M.; Näslund, Erik; King, Neil; Finlayson, Graham; Blundell, John

doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.277

Cited by 44 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Particularly, a negative energy balance has been associated with a reduction in energy expenditure for growth, somatic repair, as well as suppressed reproductive activity and lactation [14]. Accordingly, resting metabolic rate (RMR) has been shown to decline in response to an exercise intervention to a greater extent than what could be attributed to changes in body weight or body composition [44,45]. On the other hand, there is evidence for an elevated RMR following an exercise bout, also known as excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) [46].…”

Section: Compensatory Adaptations In Response To Exercise Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies indicate that a majority of participants displays some form of compensatory adaptation with a ratio of responders to non-responders of 1:2 [48,57]. Even though there is, most likely, considerable inter-individual variability in metabolic adaptations in response to exercise [44,50], success in weight loss interventions has been largely attributed to behavioral compensation such as a decline in non-exercise PA and/or an increase in energy intake [22,38,48]; in addition to an obvious association with adherence to the exercise protocol. In fact, it has been argued that the individual variability in weight loss can be entirely attributed to the variability in non-exercise PA [48,58].…”

Section: Individual Variability In Compensatory Adaptations In Responmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even in a highly controlled setting of an isolated experimental station over an 84-day period exercise induced weight loss ranged between 3 and 12 kg [50]. More recent studies showed that certain participants even gain weight in response to supervised exercise interventions [44,57]. Accordingly, changes in fat mass and fat free mass have been shown to vary considerably [38,44].…”

Section: Individual Variability In Compensatory Adaptations In Responmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recent studies showed that certain participants even gain weight in response to supervised exercise interventions [44,57]. Accordingly, changes in fat mass and fat free mass have been shown to vary considerably [38,44]. King et al showed roughly a 50:50 split between so-called "responders" (i.e., participants who achieve expected weight loss) and "non-responders" (i.e., participants who experience only a small amount of weight loss or weight gain) [38].…”

Section: Individual Variability In Compensatory Adaptations In Responmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Compensatory Adaptations and Individual Variability in Exercise Prescription

Drenowatz

2016

JFMK

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Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for public health. Due to the decline in physical demands of daily living exercise becomes an increasingly important contributor to an active lifestyle. The evidence on health benefits of exercise, particularly regarding weight loss, however, remains equivocal. In addition to lack of adherence to an exercise program, participants display behavioral and physiological adaptations that potentially mitigate exercise-induced health benefits. Specifically, a reduction in non-exercise physical activity (PA) and/or an increase in energy intake along with metabolic adaptations have been suggested to affect exercise-induced health benefits. There is also a large inter-individual variability, which makes some participants more receptive to exercise-induced weight loss than others. Even in the absence of weight loss exercise, however, provides various health benefits such as an increase in cardiorespiratory fitness, beneficial changes in blood lipids and blood pressure. In fact, some of these benefits have been more pronounced in participants who did not experience weight loss. In order to enhance the understanding of the role of exercise in health promotion a better understanding of compensatory adaptations is needed along with an identification of characteristics that contribute to inter-individual variability in response to exercise interventions.

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Section: Compensatory Adaptations In Response To Exercise Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Individual Variability In Compensatory Adaptations In Responmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Individual Variability In Compensatory Adaptations In Responmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Individual Variability In Compensatory Adaptations In Responmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Compensatory Adaptations and Individual Variability in Exercise Prescription

Drenowatz

2016

JFMK

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“…Physiological adaptation has been well established in obese people, particularly in obese adults with a Body Mass Index (BMI) between 30 and 39 kg/m², and Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) reduction has been observed in situations of energy restriction [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . However, there are few studies on short-term energy restriction in morbidly obese people to verify the adaptive response 8,9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resting energy expenditure adaptation after short-term caloric restriction in morbidly obese women

et al. 2015

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A B S T R A C T ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to describe changes in the resting energy expenditure, substrate oxidation rate, and body composition in morbidly obese women subjected to short-term caloric restriction. MethodsThis was a prospective study that included ten obese women with body mass index greater than 40 kg/m 2 and aged between 20-50 years. The participants were hospitalized for eight days and received a controlled conventional low-calorie diet, 1200 kcal/day, for seven days. Body weight, body mass index, abdominal circumference, body composition, resting energy expenditure, and substrate oxidation rate were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the study. ResultsA significant reduction in body weight (p=0.005), body mass index (p=0.005), abdominal circumference (p=0.005), fat mass (p=0.005) and fat-free mass (p=0.008) was observed at the end of the study. There was an average reduction in resting energy expenditure of approximately 124 kcal/day (5%). Substrate oxidation rate did not show statistically significant changes. There was a positive correlation only between body weight reduction and fat-free mass reduction (r=0.753; p=0.012).

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The consequences of a weight‐centric approach to healthcare: A case for a paradigm shift in how clinicians address body weight

2022

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Current healthcare is weight-centric, equating weight and health. This approach to healthcare has negative consequences on patient well-being. The aim of this article is to make a case for a paradigm shift in how clinicians view and address body weight. In this review, we (1) address common flawed assumptions in the weight-centric approach to healthcare, (2) review the weight science literature and provide evidence for the negative consequences of promoting dieting and weight loss, and (3) provide practice recommendations for weight-inclusive care.

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The adaptive metabolic response to exercise-induced weight loss influences both energy expenditure and energy intake

Abstract: 35Background: A decline in resting energy expenditure (REE) beyond that predicted from

Cited by 44 publications

References 30 publications

The Role of Compensatory Adaptations and Individual Variability in Exercise Prescription

The Role of Compensatory Adaptations and Individual Variability in Exercise Prescription

Resting energy expenditure adaptation after short-term caloric restriction in morbidly obese women

The consequences of a weight‐centric approach to healthcare: A case for a paradigm shift in how clinicians address body weight

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