OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of weight and body composition changes on waist measurement of severely obese women receiving a low-carbohydrate diet for a short-term. METHODS: Nineteen severely obese women divided into an intervention and a control group received a low-carbohydrate diet and a conventional diet, respectively, both with 1,200kcal, for seven days. Anthropometric measurements such as weight, body mass index, arm circumference, waist circumference (at the navel), two proposed measurements of waist circumference (waist circumference 1, 10cm above the navel; and waist circumference 2, 20cm above the navel), hip circumference; and body composition (lean mass and fat mass) were performed at baseline and end of the study. RESULTS: There was significant reduction of all variables in the intervention group (p<0.01), but the control group had no change in waist circumference (p=0.06) and hip circumference (p=0.36). Patients of the intervention group presented greater weight loss (4.4kg, p<0.01) and reduction of body mass index, waist circumference, waist circumference 1, waist circumference 2 (p<0.01), and fat mass (p=0.04) than the control group. CONCLUSION: The weight loss and body composition changes were greater in the low-carbohydrate group than in the conventional-diet group, and they had a greater impact on waist measurements. The proposed measurements (waist circumference 1 and waist circumference 2) were sensitive to weight reduction in both groups.
Chyluria is an inappropriate urinary excretion of chyle that turns the urine milky. A nutritional approach based on low-fat/high-protein content diet associated or not with medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) showed to be an efficient conservative treatment to improve the milky urine appearance in a patient with chyluria. Case report: A 30-year-old female patient was admitted with chyluria of unknown etiology. An ureteropyeloscopy revealed a single lesion in each kidney, both with linear aspect and measuring 5 mm in extension. These lesions were located close to the renal papillae and were leaking a cloudy and milky fluid. Both lesions were laser cauterized followed by improvement of the milky urine. However, the chyluria relapsed after few months and a low-fat/high-protein content diet with 10 g of soybean oil to meet the requirements essential fatty acids (EFA) and with MCT from coconut oil as alternative to prepare foods was started. Few weeks later the patient returned reporting consistent improvement of the milky urine appearance related with the use of the diet. However since the diet was tasteless and time consuming to prepare, she reported low compliance to diet with MCT and the milky urine relapsed. The MCT was discontinued and the diet with EFA source was maintained with better compliance. Since then the chyluria remains in remission. In conclusion, the dramatic improvement of the milky urine with low-fat/high-protein diet with EFA source observed in our patient demonstrates that this nutritional approach is efficient with fast results to treat chyluria during long term.
A B S T R A C T ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to describe changes in the resting energy expenditure, substrate oxidation rate, and body composition in morbidly obese women subjected to short-term caloric restriction. MethodsThis was a prospective study that included ten obese women with body mass index greater than 40 kg/m 2 and aged between 20-50 years. The participants were hospitalized for eight days and received a controlled conventional low-calorie diet, 1200 kcal/day, for seven days. Body weight, body mass index, abdominal circumference, body composition, resting energy expenditure, and substrate oxidation rate were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the study. ResultsA significant reduction in body weight (p=0.005), body mass index (p=0.005), abdominal circumference (p=0.005), fat mass (p=0.005) and fat-free mass (p=0.008) was observed at the end of the study. There was an average reduction in resting energy expenditure of approximately 124 kcal/day (5%). Substrate oxidation rate did not show statistically significant changes. There was a positive correlation only between body weight reduction and fat-free mass reduction (r=0.753; p=0.012).
The aim of this study was to compare the short‐term effects of two different calorie restriction (CR) diets on anthropometric and biochemical parameters in obese women. Participants were 30 women, BMI 37.3±4.4kg/m2, and 39±6.3 years of age. This study was conducted in 3 phases with a follow‐up at one month from the end of phase 3. In Phases 1 and 3 participants were on an ad libitum diet at home for 2 days. In Phase 2, participants were on a 1000 kcal/d CR diet for 3 days and were randomized to either the experimental group (EG n=15), which received a high‐fiber diet or the control group (CG n=15), which received the conventional diet. Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected at the beginning and end of each phase for a total of 5 measurements including the 1month follow up period. There was no significant reduction within groups in body weight (EG, p=0.92; CG, p=0.95) and waist circumference (WC: EG, p=0.97; CG, p=0.98). No significant between groups difference in weight (p=0.92) or WC (p=0.85) were observed. A significant reduction in fasting glucose (p=0.01) was observed within the EG during CR. There was also a reduction of triglycerides (p=0.03) in EG compared to CG. The results of this short‐term study indicate that a high‐fiber diet results in a greater decrease in fasting glucose and triglycerides, compared to a conventional diet.This research was supported by The State of São Paulo Foundation (FAPESP).
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