The adaptive immune and stress responses of adult female CD1 mice following exposure to a viral mimetic

Sharma, Rupali; Kearns, Madeleine May; Sarr, Fatou; Ismail, Nafissa

doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2019.03.005

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Our results suggest that the 0.5 mg/kg dose may be insufficient to elicit behavior changes in females. The higher dose required for a consistent behavior response in females is consistent with reports of the effect of an intraperitoneal injection of 12 mg/kg of Poly(I:C) on pubertal intact mice (45). The body temperature of Poly(I:C)-treated male mice was consistently higher than Salinetreated male mice during the first hour after injection, whereas an inconsistent pattern of temperature differences was observed in female mice.…”

Section: Experiments 1 Effects Of Poly(i:c) Dose and Time On Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The higher incidence of lethargy and vomiting behaviors in Poly(I:C)-treated males observed in Experiment 2 is consistent with results from Experiment 1, and is also in agreement with the effect of Poly(I:C) in raising body temperatures in pubertal intact male relative to female mice (45) and swine influenza in herds (47). The detection by the host immune system of pathogenic signals results in the stimulation of inflammatory mechanisms.…”

Section: Experiments 2 Effects Of Poly(i:c) Immune Challenge and Sex supporting

confidence: 87%

“…Pigs from Experiments 2 and 3 that received 1 mg/kg of Poly(I:C) presented significantly higher body temperature after injection relative to pigs injected with Saline. A consistent effect of Poly(I:C) on body temperature was also reported in mice (45,46). The increase in body temperature among Poly(I:C)-treated pigs relative to Salinetreated pigs is also in agreement with reports of fever in pigs experimentally infected with swine influenza (47).…”

Section: Effects Of Poly(i:c) and Prrsv Immune Challenges On The Bodysupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The prevalence of sickness behaviors associated with the intermediate Poly(I:C) dose studied was intermediate between the sickness behaviors observed at the extremes. The impact of Poly(I:C) on sickness behaviors observed in pigs was in agreement with the higher body temperature observed in pubertal male mice after Poly(I:C) injection relative to Salinetreated mice (45,46). The results from Experiment 1 guided the study of 1.0 mg/kg of Poly(I:C) relative to Saline during the first hour after injection in the subsequent experiments.…”

Section: Experiments 1 Effects Of Poly(i:c) Dose and Time On Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 76%

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Long-Lasting Impact of Maternal Immune Activation and Interaction With a Second Immune Challenge on Pig Behavior

et al. 2020

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The combined effects on pig behavior of maternal immune challenge during gestation followed by a second immune challenge later in life have not been studied. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection during gestation can elicit maternal immune activation (MIA) yet the interactions with the offspring response to a second immune challenge after birth remains unexplored. Knowledge on the response to viral challenges in rodents has been gained through the use of the viral mimetic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)), yet the effects of this immune stimulant on pig behavior have not been assessed. This study advances the understanding of the combined effect of MIA and a second immune challenge later in life on female and male pig behavior. Three complementary experiments enabled the development of an effective Poly(I:C) challenge in pigs, and testing the interaction between PRRSV-elicited MIA, Poly(I:C) challenge at 60 days of age, and sex on behaviors. Individual-level observations on sickness, locomotor, and social behaviors were measured 1–3 h after Poly(I:C) challenge. Vomiting, panting, lethargy, walking, laying, playing, and touching behaviors were analyzed using generalized linear mixed effect models. Results indicated that a Poly(I:C) dose of 1 mg/kg within 1 h after injection increased the incidence of laying and sickness behavior. The Poly(I:C) challenge decreased the incidence of locomotor behaviors and activity levels. Pigs exposed to MIA had lower rates of social behaviors such as playing. The combined effect of PRRSV-elicited MIA and Poly(I:C) immune challenge further sensitized the pigs to behavior disruption across sexes including changes in sternal and lateral laying, walking, lethargy, and touching incidence. Notably, the effects of Poly(I:C) immune challenge alone on behaviors tended to be more extreme in males, whereas the effects of Poly(I:C) following MIA tended to be more extreme in females. Our findings demonstrate that MIA and Poly(I:C) affected behaviors, and the viral mimetic effects shortly after injection can offer insights into the prolonged effect of postnatal viral infections on feeding, social interactions and health status. Management practices that reduce the likelihood of gestational diseases and accommodate for behavioral disruptions in the offspring can minimize the impact of MIA.

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Section: Experiments 1 Effects Of Poly(i:c) Dose and Time On Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Experiments 2 Effects Of Poly(i:c) Immune Challenge and Sex supporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Effects Of Poly(i:c) and Prrsv Immune Challenges On The Bodysupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Experiments 1 Effects Of Poly(i:c) Dose and Time On Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 76%

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Long-Lasting Impact of Maternal Immune Activation and Interaction With a Second Immune Challenge on Pig Behavior

et al. 2020

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“…In contrast, Lisse et al found that West African boys show higher levels of CD8 + cells and lower CD4 + /CD8 + ratios than girls (Lisse et al, 1997). Despite the discrepancy between these studies, prior to the onset of puberty, it is generally thought that the immune systems of male and female organisms exhibit few robust sex differences in immune cell counts or function (Robinson et al, 2014;Sharma et al, 2019). Indeed, splenic expression of some innate immune response genes was greater in pre-pubescent male mice, though the differences were not statistically significant and expression of adaptive immune response genes was generally similar between the sexes (Lamason et al, 2006).…”

Section: Sex Differences In Immunity During Early Life and Pubertymentioning

confidence: 98%

Estrogen, the Peripheral Immune System and Major Depression – A Reproductive Lifespan Perspective

Engler-Chiurazzi

Chastain

Citron

et al. 2022

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Major depression is a significant medical issue impacting millions of individuals worldwide. Identifying factors contributing to its manifestation has been a subject of intense investigation for decades and several targets have emerged including sex hormones and the immune system. Indeed, an extensive body of literature has demonstrated that sex hormones play a critical role in modulating brain function and impacting mental health, especially among female organisms. Emerging findings also indicate an inflammatory etiology of major depression, revealing new opportunities to supplement, or even supersede, currently available pharmacological interventions in some patient populations. Given the established sex differences in immunity and the profound impact of fluctuations of sex hormone levels on the immune system within the female, interrogating how the endocrine, nervous, and immune systems converge to impact women’s mental health is warranted. Here, we review the impacts of endogenous estrogens as well as exogenously administered estrogen-containing therapies on affect and immunity and discuss these observations in the context of distinct reproductive milestones across the female lifespan. A theoretical framework and important considerations for additional study in regards to mental health and major depression are provided.

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Enduring sex-dependent effects of lipopolysaccharide treatment on the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis in mice

Smith

Zhong

Gostlin

et al. 2023

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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The adaptive immune and stress responses of adult female CD1 mice following exposure to a viral mimetic

Cited by 3 publications

References 53 publications

Long-Lasting Impact of Maternal Immune Activation and Interaction With a Second Immune Challenge on Pig Behavior

Long-Lasting Impact of Maternal Immune Activation and Interaction With a Second Immune Challenge on Pig Behavior

Estrogen, the Peripheral Immune System and Major Depression – A Reproductive Lifespan Perspective

Enduring sex-dependent effects of lipopolysaccharide treatment on the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis in mice

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