Estrogen, the Peripheral Immune System and Major Depression – A Reproductive Lifespan Perspective

Engler-Chiurazzi, Elizabeth B.; Chastain, Wesley H.; Citron, Kailen K.; Lambert, Lillian E.; Kikkeri, Divya N.; Shrestha, Sharhana S.

doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.850623

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 274 publications

(376 reference statements)

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“…As previously mentioned, fluctuations in endogenous estrogen levels are pivotal in the pathogenesis of depression in women [ 47 ]. Rapid changes in E2 levels can heighten the susceptibility to depression in women [ 48 , 49 ]. Furthermore, when the brain is exposed to low levels of E2, women must rely on multiple pathways to adapt to the lack of circulating estrogen to maintain central nervous system homeostasis [ 50 ].…”

Section: Estrogen Receptors and Related Signaling Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of estrogen in treatment of female depression

Sun,

Li,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Aging

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Depression is a neurological disorder that profoundly affects human physical and mental health, resulting in various changes in the central nervous system. Despite several prominent hypotheses, such as the monoaminergic theory, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis theory, neuroinflammation, and neuroplasticity, the current understanding of depression’s pathogenesis remains incomplete. Importantly, depression is a gender-dimorphic disorder, with women exhibiting higher incidence rates than men. Given estrogen's pivotal role in the menstrual cycle, it is reasonable to postulate that its fluctuating levels could contribute to the pathogenesis of depression. Estrogen acts by binding to a diversity of receptors, which are widely distributed in the central nervous system. An abundance of research has established that estrogen and its receptors play a crucial role in depression, spanning pathogenesis and treatment. In this comprehensive review, we provide an in-depth analysis of the fundamental role of estrogen and its receptors in depression, with a focus on neuroinflammation, neuroendocrinology, and neuroplasticity. Furthermore, we discuss potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of estrogen in the treatment of depression, which may pave the way for new antidepressant drug development and alternative treatment options.

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Section: Estrogen Receptors and Related Signaling Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of estrogen in treatment of female depression

Sun,

Li,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Aging

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“…Hormonal, psychological, and immunological factors in menopause can interact and infl uence each other. Hormonal changes, such as the decline in estrogen levels, can aff ect psychological well-being and immune function [67]. Psychological factors, such as stress, anxiety, and mood disturbances, can modulate hormonal and immune responses.…”

Section: Effects Of Hormonal Psychological and Immunological Factors ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Art of Psychoneuroimmunology in Menopause Management

Anurogo

2023

J Biomed Res Environ Sci

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Psychoneuroimmunology is a field that explores the intricate connections between the mind, brain, and immune system. This narrative review integrates various aspects of psychoneuroimmunology in the context of menopause. It highlights the hormonal changes during menopause, their impact on psychological well-being and the immune system, as well as the psychological aspects of menopause such as emotional changes, cognitive functioning, and sleep disturbances. The immunological changes during menopause, including alterations in immune cell function and cytokine production, are discussed along with their influence on psychological well-being. This comprehensive review emphasizes the bidirectional communication between the brain and immune system, the effects of hormonal, psychological, and immunological factors on each other, and the role of chronic inflammation in menopause-related psychological symptoms. Additionally, it explores the influence of psychosocial factors like stress and social support on menopausal symptoms, and presents various psychoneuroimmunology interventions such as mind-body techniques, pharmacological options, and lifestyle modifications. The importance of integrating psychoneuroimmunology approaches in menopause research, potential areas for further investigation, and the call for comprehensive strategies to improve menopausal care are also highlighted, underscoring the significance of this interdisciplinary field in understanding and enhancing menopausal health and well-being.

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“…Moreover, there are studies that PMDD may predict perintal depression (mostly postpartum), and that this association may be attributed to genetic similarities as well as to sex hormonal pathways ( McEvoy et al, 2017 ; Pope et al, 2017 ). As such, PMS, AD, and PPD may share common immune-inflammatory and sex hormonal pathways ( Engler-Chiurazzi et al, 2022 ; Lombardo et al, 2021 ); therefore, clinical associations between both conditions may be anticipated. However, most of the current studies focus on associations between PMS and PPD ( Pereira et al, 2022 ), and only few studies have shown that women with PMS symptoms showed increased risk towards AD ( Sugawara, 1997 ; Pataky & Ehlert, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%