The adaptation-resistance spectrum: A classification of contemporary adaptation approaches to climate-related coastal change

Cooper, J. Andrew G.; Pile, Jeremy

doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.09.006

Cited by 65 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…More generally, these results highlight the feedback effects associated with "coastal squeeze", i.e. the exacerbation of coastal risks by the compression and even suppression of buffering beach-dune and beach systems (Cooper and McKenna, 2008;Cooper and Pile, 2014). Where these human-driven feedback effects operate, impacts are not only different in nature but also more severe, compared to impacts on natural beach sites.…”

Section: Including Human-driven Feedback Effects In Cyclone Impact Stmentioning

confidence: 80%

High human influence on beach response to tropical cyclones in small islands: Saint-Martin Island, Lesser Antilles

et al. 2019

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Using multi-date satellite imagery and field observations, this paper assesses the inferred impacts of September 2017 cyclones on the beaches of Saint-Martin Island. Twenty-two beaches out of 30 predominantly exhibited shoreline retreat, with the highest retreat value (-166.45 m) recorded on the north-eastern coast. While erosion predominated on beaches and at the sand dune front, inner areas generally exhibited accretion, with sand sheets (up to 135 m from the pre-cyclone vegetation line) indicating landward sediment transfer. Natural back-reef beaches exhibited the formation of new beach ridges, marked (up to 2 m) upward growth and alongshore beach extension. The high spatial variability of inferred impacts is attributed to the cyclone's track, coast exposure, beach configuration and, importantly, human-driven environmental change. Whereas vegetation removal exacerbated marine inundation and inhibited the vertical accretion of beaches, shoreline hardening aggravated wave-induced sediment loss while also inhibiting sediment deposition. Four beach response modes are distinguished. Based on findings, we identified three major areas of action for risk reduction and adaptation to climate change. Depending on beach response and site specificities, relocation and the determination of set-back lines, coastal buffer restoration, or engineered structures' upgrading should be prioritized.

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Section: Including Human-driven Feedback Effects In Cyclone Impact Stmentioning

confidence: 80%

High human influence on beach response to tropical cyclones in small islands: Saint-Martin Island, Lesser Antilles

et al. 2019

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“…During extreme conditions, most hydro-and morphodynamic processes are accelerated, with the most dramatic implication being the fact that the water level can exceed the height of natural (e.g., dunes, cliffs) or anthropic barriers (e.g., sea walls, dykes), and reach areas not prepared to interact with the water element, often with catastrophic consequences. This is the reason that marine storms are considered as extreme when they coincide with coastal inundation, and inundation maps are a crucial element for several coastal management and engineering practices, i.e., post-evaluation of extreme events, coastal planning, definition of set-back lines (Ferreira et al, 2006), and evaluation of adaptation options (Cooper and Pile, 2014;Hinkel et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in large-scale coastal flood hazard mapping

Vousdoukas

Voukouvalas

Mentaschi

et al. 2016

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

184

157

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Abstract. Coastal flooding related to marine extreme events has severe socioeconomic impacts, and even though the latter are projected to increase under the changing climate, there is a clear deficit of information and predictive capacity related to coastal flood mapping. The present contribution reports on efforts towards a new methodology for mapping coastal flood hazard at European scale, combining (i) the contribution of waves to the total water level; (ii) improved inundation modeling; and (iii) an open, physics-based framework which can be constantly upgraded, whenever new and more accurate data become available. Four inundation approaches of gradually increasing complexity and computational costs were evaluated in terms of their applicability to large-scale coastal flooding mapping: static inundation (SM); a semidynamic method, considering the water volume discharge over the dykes (VD); the flood intensity index approach (Iw); and the model LISFLOOD-FP (LFP). A validation test performed against observed flood extents during the Xynthia storm event showed that SM and VD can lead to an overestimation of flood extents by 232 and 209 %, while Iw and LFP showed satisfactory predictive skill. Application at panEuropean scale for the present-day 100-year event confirmed that static approaches can overestimate flood extents by 56 % compared to LFP; however, Iw can deliver results of reasonable accuracy in cases when reduced computational costs are a priority. Moreover, omitting the wave contribution in the extreme total water level (TWL) can result in a ∼ 60 % underestimation of the flooded area. The present findings have implications for impact assessment studies, since combination of the estimated inundation maps with population exposure maps revealed differences in the estimated number of people affected within the 20-70 % range.

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“…In order to prepare for future coastal change including the hazard of extreme wave conditions at the coast, stakeholders have been forced to rethink many aspects of hazard response and adaptation strategies including modelling the predicted impact of extreme wave events, engineering the environment through the construction of larger and more robust sea defences and adopting supplementary or alternative responses to such events, e.g., devising evacuation plans and signposting evacuation routes, establishing development set-back zones and investing in adaptation strategies such as managed coastal realignment (Cooper and Pile, 2014). In order to prepare for future coastal change including the hazard of extreme wave conditions at the coast, stakeholders have been forced to rethink many aspects of hazard response and adaptation strategies including modelling the predicted impact of extreme wave events, engineering the environment through the construction of larger and more robust sea defences and adopting supplementary or alternative responses to such events, e.g., devising evacuation plans and signposting evacuation routes, establishing development set-back zones and investing in adaptation strategies such as managed coastal realignment (Cooper and Pile, 2014).…”

Section: Mitigation and Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%