The acute mammalian toxicity of rare earth nitrates and oxides

Bruce, David; Hietbrink, Bernard E.; DuBois, Kenneth P.

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(63)90067-x

Cited by 124 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Even though many medical and pharmacological studies have been reported with REE [152][153][154][155][156], so far, little attention has been given to ecological and environmental aspects related to the presence of REE in soils and their possible transference in the trophic chain [157,158]. Several studies involving effects of REE in experimental animals have reported an accumulation of these elements with time.…”

Section: Ecological and Human Health Risks Associated With Reementioning

confidence: 99%

Rare Earth Elements in the Soil Environment

et al. 2016

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Rare earth elements (REE) are a homogenous group of 17 chemical elements in the periodic table that are key to many modern industries including chemicals, consumer electronics, clean energy, transportation, health care, aviation, and defense. Moreover, in recent years, they have been used in agriculture. One of the consequences of their worldwide use is the possible increase of their levels in various environmental compartments. This review addresses major topics concerning the study of REE in the soil environment, with special attention to the latest research findings. The main sources of REE to soils, the contents of REE in soils worldwide, and relevant information on the effects of REE to plants were explored. Ecological and human health risk issues related to the presence of REE in soils were also discussed. Although several findings reported positive effects of REE on plant growth, many questions about their biological role remain unanswered. Therefore, studies concerning the actual mechanism of action of these elements on cellular and physiological processes should be further refined. Even more urgent is to unveil their chemical behavior in soils and the ecological and human health risks that might be associated with the widespread use of REE in our modern society.

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Section: Ecological and Human Health Risks Associated With Reementioning

confidence: 99%

Rare Earth Elements in the Soil Environment

et al. 2016

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“…Similar biocompatibility concerns exist for alloys containing RE, which although studied in vitro [30][31][32][33] and in vivo 34,35 , also suffer from a similar lack of knowledge of their long term effects when implanted. 30,36 This creates the potential that the significant amount of work that has been and will be performed using alloys containing Al/RE may, in the end, go unused if the materials cannot be proven to be non-toxic.…”

Section: ) the Requirement To Alloy Mg: Strength Versus Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium biomaterials: past, present and future

Kirkland

2012

Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology

128

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Abstract:Following a reinvigorated interest in the late 1990s, magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have experienced increasing research attention in the realm of biomaterials. From essentially no papers on the topic several years ago, there are presently 10-15 articles published in international journals each week dealing with different aspects of Mg bio performance. Given the dynamic nature of the topic, many works reproduce a great deal of information in a non-systematic manner, and unfortunately also repeat the same systematic errors -which leads to many articles providing information of limited value. This review seeks to provide a succinct overview of the area, highlighting some of the most important considerations for this field, and suggesting critical improvements and changes that are needed to ensure the continual and efficient development of Mg biomaterials.

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“…In biomedical application, use of RE compounds should also be considered from the perspective of their potential cytotoxicity. Anti-carcinogenic properties of REs has been shown in number of studies [18][19][20][21], however some studies have also reported cytotoxic and hepatotoxic effects at high dose [22][23][24][25]. It has been shown that rare-earth alloying elements including Ce, Nd, Y, and Yb have no adverse effect on growth of living cells but they can induce inflammatory effects at high concentration [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion protection afforded by praseodymium conversion film on Mg alloy AZNd in simulated biological fluid studied by scanning electrochemical microscopy

Jamali

Moulton

Tallman

et al. 2015

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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Surface passivation of AZNd Mg alloy with Pr(NO 3 ) 3 is studied using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) in surface generation/tip collection (SG/TC) and AC modes. Corrosion protection afforded by the Pr treatment and the degradation mechanism in a simulated biological environment was examined on a local scale and compared with non-treated AZNd. SG/TC mode results revealed a drastic decrease in H2 evolution due to the Pr treatment. Mapping the local insulating characteristics using AC-SECM showed higher conductivity of the surface where H 2 evolution was most favorable. Keywordsscanning, studied, fluid, biological, simulated, corrosion, microscopy, protection, electrochemical, afforded, praseodymium, conversion, film, mg, alloy, aznd Disciplines Engineering | Physical Sciences and Mathematics Publication DetailsJamali, S. S., Moulton, S. E., Tallman, D. E., Forsyth, M., Weber, J., Mirabedini, A. & Wallace, G. G. (2015). Corrosion protection afforded by praseodymium conversion film on Mg alloy AZNd in simulated biological fluid studied by scanning electrochemical microscopy. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 739 211-217. AuthorsSeyed S. Jamali, Simon E. Moulton, Dennis E. Tallman, Maria Forsyth, Jan Weber, Azadehsadat Mirabedini, and Gordon G. Wallace AbstractSurface passivation of AZNd Mg alloy with Pr(NO 3 ) 3 is studied using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) in surface generation/tip collection (SG/TC) and AC modes. Corrosion protection afforded by the Pr treatment and the degradation mechanism in a simulated biological environment was examined on a local scale and compared with nontreated AZNd. SG/TC mode results revealed a drastic decrease in H 2 evolution due to the Pr treatment. Mapping the local insulating characteristics using AC-SECM showed higher conductivity of the surface where H 2 evolution was most favorable.

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The acute mammalian toxicity of rare earth nitrates and oxides

Cited by 124 publications

References 5 publications

Rare Earth Elements in the Soil Environment

Rare Earth Elements in the Soil Environment

Magnesium biomaterials: past, present and future

Corrosion protection afforded by praseodymium conversion film on Mg alloy AZNd in simulated biological fluid studied by scanning electrochemical microscopy

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