Magnesium biomaterials: past, present and future

Abstract

Abstract:Following a reinvigorated interest in the late 1990s, magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have experienced increasing research attention in the realm of biomaterials. From essentially no papers on the topic several years ago, there are presently 10-15 articles published in international journals each week dealing with different aspects of Mg bio performance. Given the dynamic nature of the topic, many works reproduce a great deal of information in a non-systematic manner, and unfortunately also repeat the same systematic errors -which leads to many articles providing information of limited value. This review seeks to provide a succinct overview of the area, highlighting some of the most important considerations for this field, and suggesting critical improvements and changes that are needed to ensure the continual and efficient development of Mg biomaterials.

Building towards a standardised approach to biocorrosion studies: a review of factors influencing Mg corrosion in vitro pertinent to in vivo corrosion

“…Kirkland claimed that a change of 17°C would increase the corrosion rate moderately to substantially, depending on the alloy being investigated [102]. This claim was supported in a following publication [103] that indicates a substantial increase in the corrosion rate of CP-Mg, Mg-0.8Ca and Mg-1Zn as the immersion temperature was increased from 20°C to 37°C in buffered HBSS.…”

Effect of severe plastic deformation on the biocompatibility and corrosion rate of pure magnesium

“…The high corrosion rate of magnesium can lead also to a fast delivery of alloying elements and even common elements such as Zn, Ca and Mn can become toxic [5].…”

Introductory Chapter: Multi-Aspect Bibliographic Analysis of the Synergy of Technical, Biological and Medical Sciences Concerning Materials and Technologies Used for Medical and Dental Implantable Devices

“…Mg and its alloys can be used for non-biodegradable scaffolds [372]. Except for several studies, the application of Mg as a biomaterial has not won popularity as late as until the end of the 1990s, because this pure metal cannot ensure appropriate mechanical properties or corrosion resistance in orthopaedic uses [376,377]. Such popularity, though, has risen exponentially since then [378], owing to major improvements in Mg production [378] and various techniques elaborated, including the use of Mg alloys, substrate surface treatment or coating technologies [379][380][381].…”