“…31 In this study, variations in turning did not result in differences in cardiac or pulmonary function; specifically, frequency of turning did not alter cardiac index, sputum production, or oxygenation requirements but the outcomes of interest are not specifically addressed. 31 Five related systematic reviews related to frequency of manual turning were identified during our electronic search. 2,15,[36][37][38] A sixth review, 39(p6773) written as a book chapter, also was examined.…”