The acute and subchronic toxicity studies of aqueous leaf and stem bark extract of Costus afer ker (Zingiberaceae) in mice

Udem, Samuel Chukwuneke; Ezeasor, Chukwunonso Kenechukwu

doi:10.1007/s00580-009-0906-8

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The administration of the extract over a few days may be one factor for its non-significant effect in the histology analysis. However, the present findings correlate with Udem and Ezeasor [ 31 ] report, where the acute and subchronic toxicity of Costus afer was performed in mice. Their results showed no significant lesions in the kidney, liver, heart of the experimental, and control mice were recorded as revealed in the histopathological analysis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Radioprotective potential of Costus afer against the radiation-induced hematological and histopathological damage in mice

Akomolafe

Chetty

2021

Radiat Oncol J

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Purpose This study investigated the possible radioprotective effect of Costus afer extract (CAE) on hematological and histopathological parameters of mice. Materials and Methods Fifty-four male mice with mass between 37–43 g, 11–13 weeks old were used for this study. We divided the mice into six different groups containing nine animals, which were then further sub-divided into irradiated groups and un-irradiated groups. Animals received 250 mg/kg body weight extract of CAE by oral gavage for 6 days in addition to feeding and water ad libitum . Animals in the irradiated group were exposed to radiation at the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Grey’s Hospital using a linear accelerator. Blood samples were collected at 48-hour post-irradiation for the hematology test followed by histopathology examination of kidney and liver. Results Our findings revealed that 3 Gy and 6 Gy dose of X-ray radiation caused a significant reduction in the white blood cell, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and platelet counts compared with the control group. However, the administration of CAE before irradiation significantly increased the mentioned parameters. There was no increase in red blood cell and monocyte among treated groups compared with the control. Histopathological changes in the kidney and liver sections revealed that no visible lesion in the pretreated mice. Hepatocytes seem to be within normal histological limits. Conclusions This study concludes that CAE offered some protection against radiation-induced hematological alterations, but there was no significant improvement in the histopathological parameters. Thus, further studies are needed to validate its radioprotective effect on histopathological variables.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Radioprotective potential of Costus afer against the radiation-induced hematological and histopathological damage in mice

Akomolafe

Chetty

2021

Radiat Oncol J

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“…After 24 hours, the rats were observed for clinical signs in fur color, breathing rate, and death. ere were however no clinical signs of toxicity nor death, indicating that C. afer leaf extract is safe even at a dosage of 2000 mg/kg bwt [12,55,56].…”

Section: Toxicological Effects Of Costus Afermentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In a subchronic toxicity study, there was a significant reduction of hemoglobin (HB) and total red blood cell (RBC) count, indicating that long-term use of aqueous leaf extract of C. afer could result in anemia. Further studies need to be done to investigate the bioactive compounds in the plant responsible for the decreased in Hb and total RBC count as well as the type of anemia caused [12]. It was also revealed that aqueous leaf extract of the plant triggered an increase in weight of the liver and other clinical chemistry parameters such as ALT, ALP, AST, and TB but not the kidney.…”

Section: Toxicological Effects Of Costus Afermentioning

confidence: 99%

Costus afer: A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Data in support of Its Medicinal Relevance

et al. 2019

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Costus afer (C. afer) is a plant commonly known as ginger lily, spiral ginger, or bush cane. It is reportedly used in traditional medicine practice (TMP) to treat and manage many ailments including diabetes mellitus, stomach ache, arthritis, inflammation, and gout. These purported ethnomedicinal uses have triggered many research studies on the plant to amass scientific evidence. However, these research reports are scattered, and thus, this systematic review seeks to provide a comprehensive update on it covering its traditional uses, phytochemical and nutritional constituents, pharmacological activities, and toxicological effects. An online search was done using search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect from the period 1970 to 2019. The online search included the use of keywords, “Costus afer Ker-Gawl” or “Costus afer.” The search revealed that the stem and leaves of the plant contain substantial amounts of micronutrients and macronutrients. The leaves, stem, rhizomes, and roots of C. afer contain several steroidal sapogenins, aferosides, dioscin, and paryphyllin C and flavonoid glycoside kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside. Experimental studies on various parts of the plant showed bioactivities such as antihyperglycemic, hepatocellular protection, cardioprotection, nephroprotection, testicular protection, CNS depressant, analgesic, antiarthritis, antibacterial, and antioxidant. Based on these evident data, it is concluded that the plant could be used as an alternative and complementary therapy for many oxidative stress-related diseases, provided further scientific studies on the toxicological and pharmacological aspects are carried out.

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“…Costus genus is always regarded as medicinal plant and has always been studied extensively due to its potential values in nutraceuticals industry. Acute toxicity in vivo studies also showed that most of the Costus species did not produce any sign of acute toxicity or death up to concentrations of <4 g/kg (Alonso‐Castro et al., 2016; Udem & Ezeasor, 2010). A recent work evaluated the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of methanolic extracts of different parts of C. woodsonii (leaves, inflorescence, rhizome, and stem) and reported the presence of phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, and antioxidant (DPPH and FRAP) activities (Tan, Tan, Lee, & Lim, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential extraction of red button ginger ( Costus woodsonii ): Phytochemical screening and antioxidative activities

Jin

Chang

Khalid

et al. 2020

J. Food Process. Preserv.

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Costus plant is considered as a medicinal plant especially in therapeutic intervention. The current study reports the composition, phytochemical, and antioxidant properties of red button ginger (Costus woodsonii) using sequential extraction. Solvents of different polarities (hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) were used to sequentially extract the C. woodsonii bract, at increasing polarities. Phytochemical screening showed positive presence of flavonoids (all types of extracts), terpenoids (only in methanolic extract), and tannins (except aqueous extract). Overall, methanolic extracts showed the significantly (p ≤ .05) highest ascorbic acid content (75.76 ± 1.47 mg/100 ml), total phenolic content (249.64 ± 2.83 mg GAE/100 g), DPPH free radical-scavenging activity (78.76 ± 0.97%), ferric reducing antioxidant power (22.55 ± 0.96 mg TEAC/g), superoxide anion scavenging activity (46.60 ± 1.57%) and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity (50.35 ± 0.96%). In short, sequential extraction provides understanding of polarity specificity of C. woodsonii plant and result indicated high polarity solvent (methanol and water) recovered higher bioactive compounds. Practical applications Sequential extraction procedures have shown a rapid increase in applications, in a wide range of sample types. This study proposed the use of sequential extraction with solvents of different polarities to elute maximum amount of compounds present in Costus woodsonii plant. Many studies indicated that Costus genus plant exhibited high bioactivities such as anticancer, apoptotic effect, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetics, antifungal, and antibacterial properties which revealed the potential values of these plants for nutraceutical application. However, the study on C. woodsonii is very limited. This report would reveal the assessment of sequential extraction performance and its relationship with the properties of C. woodsonii. This would generate considerable interest to the research community to improve the understanding of this plant. Overall, this report is very beneficial to impart a new information to the food industry as well as the pharmaceutical field, which may broaden the application of this plant as a potential functional crop and bioactive ingredient.

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The acute and subchronic toxicity studies of aqueous leaf and stem bark extract of Costus afer ker (Zingiberaceae) in mice

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Radioprotective potential of Costus afer against the radiation-induced hematological and histopathological damage in mice

Radioprotective potential of Costus afer against the radiation-induced hematological and histopathological damage in mice

Costus afer: A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Data in support of Its Medicinal Relevance

Sequential extraction of red button ginger ( Costus woodsonii ): Phytochemical screening and antioxidative activities

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