The activity of pomegranate extract standardized 40% ellagic acid during the healing process of incision wounds in albino rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Abstract

Aim:This research aimed to evaluate the effects of pomegranate extract standardized to 40% ellagic acid on the incised wound in albino rats.Materials and Methods:Fifty albino rats were divided into 10 treatment groups. The five groups were sacrificed on the 8th day, while the others were sacrificed on the 15th day. Two groups of albino rats with incised wound were not treated at all (P0), the other two groups of albino rats with incised wound were treated with Betadine® (P1) ointment, and the rest of the groups were treated with pomegranate extract standardized to 40% ellagic acid with a concentration of 2.5% (P2), 5% (P3), and 7.5% (P4). The treatments were carried out twice a day with an interval of 12 h for 7 and 14 days. At the end of the research, the skin tissue of those albino rats had been taken for histopathologic preparations before H and E staining was performed.Results:Collagen deposition, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) infiltration, angiogenesis, and fibrosis degree in Group P4 treated with 7.5% pomegranate extract standardized to 40% ellagic acid for 14 days were significantly different from those in Groups P0, P1, P2, and P3, especially in the case of PMN inflammation (p<0.05).Conclusion:The administration of 7.5% pomegranate extract standardized to 40% ellagic acid for 14 days on incised wounds of those albino rats can accelerate the wound healing process characterized by collagen deposition improvement, PMN infiltration in the wound area, angiogenesis, and fibrosis degree.

A Review of the Potential Benefits of Plants Producing Berries in Skin Disorders

“…The most frequently exploited plant material for In Vivo studies was the peel from fruit, extracted by maceration with combined polar solvents like ethanol:water or methanol:water, namely more organic solvent than water (at least a ratio of 70:30). Lukiswanto et al [ 52 ] and Yuniarti et al [ 53 ] obtained the healing activity, respectively, in the models of hot plate-induced burn and linear incision, with similar concentrations of corresponding ellagic acid (4% and 3% of the ointment, about 20–15 mg/kg referring to 0.5 g of topical application). Mo et al [ 54 ] paralleled the effect of pomegranate peel extract (5%) and the relative amount of pure ellagic acid (0.65%, close to 3.25 mg/kg) on excision, incision, and burn model.…”

“…Despite the lower amount of ellagic acid, the authors clearly demonstrated that the individual compound is responsible, at least in part, for the premature healing versus control. The mechanism of action was partially explained—despite the analogue use of whole fruit extracts, standardized on ellagic acid amount (40%), Lukiswanto et al [ 52 ] and Yuniarti et al [ 53 ] observed the increase in collagen deposition but also divergent effects on polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells infiltration and angiogenesis. However, Mo et al [ 54 ] attributed the increase in hydroxyproline content and collagen deposition to the extract, but not to ellagic acid; granulation and inflammation were absent in the treated tissue, even when ellagic acid was used alone, thus supporting the observations of Lukiswanto et al [ 52 ] about impaired angiogenesis and PMN infiltration.…”

“…Considering the average weight of Wistar rats (180 g) and a standard application of ointment (0.5 g) on the wounded area, it is possible to estimate a range of 28–280 mg/kg of extract in the other experiments. The poor characterization was a notable weak point of all the studies, since only four authors reported partial analytical data—Mo et al [ 54 ], Lukiswanto et al [ 52 ], and Yuniarti et al [ 53 ] standardized the amount of ellagic acid, which was 13% for the first paper and 40% for the other two, while Hayouni et al [ 55 ] carried out a qualitative characterization of the ellagitannins punicalagin A and B, ellagic acid and anthocyanins (delphinidin and pelargonidin glucosides).…”

Cytotoxicity and proliferation evaluation on fibroblast after combining calcium hydroxide and ellagic acid

“…[ 6 ] Previous research shows that ellagic acid used in rat wounds can accelerate the wound healing process. [ 8 ]…”

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“…The World Health Organization has estimated that 80% of the population today also depends on the natural resources and their traditional knowledge for health beneficiary and health care needs. [11,12] The aim of the research paper is the assessment of wound heal potential of three medicinal plants includes Artocarpus heterophyllus Linn., Murraya koenigii Linn., and Punica granatum Linn.…”