The Activity of Glucosyltransferase Adsorbed onto Saliva-coated Hydroxyapatite

Schilling, K; Bowen, Willis H.

doi:10.1177/00220345880670010201

Cited by 92 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Perhaps even more surprising is the apparent lack of interest on the influence of dietary constituents, directly or indirectly, on the formation of pellicle (Vacca-Smith et al , 1996a). The presence in pellicle of glucosyltransferases and fructosyltransferases in an active form, and the presence other unidentified bacterial products, has been known for more than a decade (Rølla et al , 1983a;Schilling and Bowen, 1988). Nevertheless, reports continue to appear referring to the mammalian constituents only.…”

Section: Ontroversymentioning

confidence: 99%

Do We Need to be Concerned about Dental Caries in the Coming Millennium?

Bowen

2002

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

201

109

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ABSTRACT:Dental caries continues to be a pubic health problem despite claims that 50% of schoolchildren are caries-free. There are widespread variations in the prevalence of caries worldwide. Caries lesions are the clinical manifestation of a pathogenic process that may have been occurring on the tooth surface for months or years. Acid production by bacteria embedded in a biofilm termed "dental plaque" is a key aspect of the pathogenesis of dental caries; nevertheless, the ability of micro-organisms to survive in a hostile acid milieu and the influence of fluoride and additional agents on this acid tolerance receive scant attention. Study of cariogenic micro-organisms largely has been limited to observations made on them in the planktonic state; clearly dental caries is essentially a surface phenomenon, and micro-organisms behave distinctively when grown on a surface. Although significant progress has been made in our understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, and prevention of dental caries, it still remains a scientific and clinical enigma worthy of the attention of the best scientists.

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Section: Ontroversymentioning

confidence: 99%

Do We Need to be Concerned about Dental Caries in the Coming Millennium?

Bowen

2002

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

201

109

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“…These polymers mediate adherence of S. mutans to the tooth surfaces and surfaces of bacteria. They also play an important role in the formation of plaque, the precursor of dental caries (13,27). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus acidophilus-derived biosurfactant effect on gtfB and gtfC expression level in Streptococcus mutans biofilm cells

Tahmourespour¹,

Salehi²,

Kermanshahi³

2011

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), harboring biofilm formation, considered as a main aetiological factor of dental caries. Gtf genes play an important role in S. mutans biofilm formation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus-derived biosurfactant on S. mutans biofilm formation and gtfB/C expression level (S. mutans standard strain ATCC35668 and isolated S. mutans strain (22) Several properties of S. mutans cells (the surface properties, biofilm formation, adhesion ability and gene expression) were changed after L. acidophilus-derived biosurfactant treatment. It is also concluded that biosurfacant treatment can provide an optional way to control biofilm development. On the basis of our findings, we can suggest that the prepared biosurfactant may interfere with adhesion processes of S. mutans to teeth surfaces, provided additional evaluation produce satisfactory results.

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“…This bacterium produces at least three Gtfs, which are products of the gtfB, gtfC, and gtfD genes; GtfB synthesizes mostly insoluble glucans containing elevated amounts of ␣-1,3-linked glucose, GtfC synthesizes a mixture of insoluble and soluble glucans (rich in ␣-1,6-linked glucose), and GtfD synthesizes predominantly soluble glucans (for reviews, see references 30 and 36). The Gtfs secreted by S. mutans bind avidly to the pellicle formed on the tooth surface and to bacterial surfaces and are enzymatically active; when they are exposed to sucrose, glucans are formed in situ within minutes (17,33,38,40,46). It is noteworthy that most nonstreptococcal oral bacteria (e.g., Actinomyces and Veillonella spp.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exopolysaccharides Produced by Streptococcus mutans Glucosyltransferases Modulate the Establishment of Microcolonies within Multispecies Biofilms

et al. 2010

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Streptococcus mutans is a key contributor to the formation of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) matrix in dental biofilms. The exopolysaccharides, which are mostly glucans synthesized by streptococcal glucosyltransferases (Gtfs), provide binding sites that promote accumulation of microorganisms on the tooth surface and further establishment of pathogenic biofilms. This study explored (i) the role of S. mutans Gtfs in the development of the EPS matrix and microcolonies in biofilms, (ii) the influence of exopolysaccharides on formation of microcolonies, and (iii) establishment of S. mutans in a multispecies biofilm in vitro using a novel fluorescence labeling technique. Our data show that the ability of S. mutans strains defective in the gtfB gene or the gtfB and gtfC genes to form microcolonies on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite surfaces was markedly disrupted. However, deletion of both gtfB (associated with insoluble glucan synthesis) and gtfC (associated with insoluble and soluble glucan synthesis) is required for the maximum reduction in EPS matrix and biofilm formation. S. mutans grown with sucrose in the presence of Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces naeslundii steadily formed exopolysaccharides, which allowed the initial clustering of bacterial cells and further development into highly structured microcolonies. Concomitantly, S. mutans became the major species in the mature biofilm. Neither the EPS matrix nor microcolonies were formed in the presence of glucose in the multispecies biofilm. Our data show that GtfB and GtfC are essential for establishment of the EPS matrix, but GtfB appears to be responsible for formation of microcolonies by S. mutans; these Gtf-mediated processes may enhance the competitiveness of S. mutans in the multispecies environment in biofilms on tooth surfaces.Oral diseases related to dental biofilms afflict the majority of the world's population, and dental caries is still the single most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease (12, 32). Dental caries results from the interaction of specific bacteria with constituents of the diet within a biofilm formed on the tooth surface known as plaque (5,36). Streptococcus mutans is a key contributor to the formation of biofilms associated with dental caries disease, although other microorganisms may also be involved (3); S. mutans (i) effectively utilizes dietary sucrose (and possibly starch) to rapidly synthesize exopolysaccharides (EPS) using glucosyltransferases and a fructosyltransferase that adsorb to surfaces, (ii) adheres tenaciously to glucan-coated surfaces, and (iii) is acidogenic and acid tolerant (5, 30).In general, biofilms develop after initial attachment of microbes to a surface, followed by formation of highly structured cell clusters (or microcolonies) and further development and stabilization of the microcolonies, which are in a complex extracellular matrix (6, 49). The majority of biofilm matrices contain exopolysaccharides, and dental biofilms are no exception; up to 40% of the dry weight of dental plaque is compos...

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The Activity of Glucosyltransferase Adsorbed onto Saliva-coated Hydroxyapatite

Cited by 92 publications

References 38 publications

Do We Need to be Concerned about Dental Caries in the Coming Millennium?

Do We Need to be Concerned about Dental Caries in the Coming Millennium?

Lactobacillus acidophilus-derived biosurfactant effect on gtfB and gtfC expression level in Streptococcus mutans biofilm cells

Exopolysaccharides Produced by Streptococcus mutans Glucosyltransferases Modulate the Establishment of Microcolonies within Multispecies Biofilms

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