The activity of commercial antimicrobials, and essential oils and ethanolic extracts of Olea europaea on Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from pregnant women

Abstract

BackgroundStreptococcus agalactiae also known as Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major cause of disease in pregnant women and new born babies where it causes early and late onset disease characterised by sepsis, pneumonia and meningitis. Ten to 37 % of pregnant women in the world are colonised with GBS while intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis has led to significant reduction in early onset disease. The increase in drug resistant microorganisms has become a major threat. Development of vaccines is still in progress so there is need for new and safer alternatives to treatment.MethodsBenzyl penicillin, Ampicillin, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Levofloxacin, Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Linezolid, Vancomycin, Tetracycline and Cotrimoxazole, Olea europaea leaf extracts and essential oil were tested against GBS isolates from South Africa and Namibia.ResultsThe isolates showed 100% sensitivity to benzyl penicillin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, linezolid, vancomycin, O. europaea leaf extracts and essential oils. Only one isolate (0.6%) was resistant to cefotaxime and 23.4 and 10.4% were resistant to clindamycin and erythromycin respectively.ConclusionGBS isolates showed sensitivity to O. europaea extracts at low minimum inhibitory concentrations. Β lactams are still the drugs of choice for treatment of GBS disease but O. europaea extracts potent as an alternative source of antimicrobials.

Synergistic antifungal evaluation of over-the-counter antifungal creams with turmeric essential oil or Aloe vera gel against pathogenic fungi

“…Alpha-phellandrene is a terpene-derivative metabolite, which is mostly found in volatile oils and plays a role of an antimicrobial agent [ 41 ]. The presence of α-phellandrene in this study correlates with the findings of Mukesi et al [ 42 ] who examined the bioactivity of commercial antimicrobials, EO and ethanolic extracts of Olea europaea . Another major component found in TEO is 2-carene.…”

An In Vitro and In Silico Study of the Enhanced Antiproliferative and Pro-Oxidant Potential of Olea europaea L. cv. Arbosana Leaf Extract via Elastic Nanovesicles (Spanlastics)

“…The mass ion peaks at m / z 227.09206, 243.0869, 277.2167, 327.3263, and 331.24803 corresponding to the suggested molecular formulas C 11 H 14 O 5 , C 11 H 14 O 6 , C 18 H 30 O 2 , C 21 H 42 O 2 , and C 18 H 36 O 5 [M + H] + , [M − H] + , respectively, fit a fatty acid, and secoiridoid derivative compounds olenoside A 3 , elenaic acid 4 , 11-octadecen-9-ynoic acid 5 , heneicosanoic acid 6 , and 9,10,18-trihydroxyoctadecanoic acid 7 , which was previously isolated from O. europaea [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. In addition, the mass ion peaks at m / z 341.08660, 341.0873, 375.1444, 389.1600, and 417.15389 corresponding to the suggested molecular formulas C 15 H 16 O 9 , C 15 H 16 O 9 , C 20 H 22 O 7 , C 21 H 24 O 7 , and C 22 H 24 O 8 [M + H] + fit a benzopyrane and tetrahydrofuran lignan derivative compounds 6,7-dihydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one; 6- O-β -D-glucopyranoside 8 , 6,7-dihydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one; 6- O-β -D-glucopyranoside 9 , 7,9′:7′,9-diepoxy-8,8′-lignan-3,3′,4,4′,8-pentol; 3,3′-di-Me ether 10 , 7,9′:7′,9-diepoxy-8,8′-lignan-3,3′,4,4′,8-pentol; 3,3′,4′-tri-Me ether 11 , and 3,3′,4,4′,8-pentahydroxy-7,9′:7′,9-diepoxylignan; 3,3′-Di-Me ether, 8-Ac 12 , which was previously isolated from O. europaea [ 38 , 39 , 40 ].…”

“…The IC 50 values were established utilizing a nonlinear regression curve fitting analysis using GraphPad Prism software version 6 (La Jolla, CA, USA). fit a benzopyrane and tetrahydrofuran lignan derivative compounds 6,7-dihydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one; 6-O-β-Dglucopyranoside 8, 6,7-dihydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one; 6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 9, 7,9 :7 ,9-diepoxy-8,8 -lignan-3,3 ,4,4 ,8-pentol; 3,3 -di-Me ether 10, 7,9 :7 ,9-diepoxy-8,8lignan-3,3 ,4,4 ,8-pentol; 3,3 ,4 -tri-Me ether 11, and 3,3 ,4,4 ,8-pentahydroxy-7,9 :7 ,9-diepoxylignan; 3,3 -Di-Me ether, 8-Ac 12, which was previously isolated from O. europaea [38][39][40].…”

Melanin Synthesis Inhibitors from Olea europeae

“…Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the most ancient cultivated fruit trees and one of the most important oil-producing crop in the Mediterranean countries [1]. O. europaea extracts of different organs as well as the isolated components have shown a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities like antiallergic [2] anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory [3], antioxidant [1], antimicrobial [4], antiviral [5], antidiabetic [6], anticancer [7], neuroprotective [8], antihypertensive [9], gastroprotective [10], and collagen production promoter [11].…”