The Action of Carnitines on Cortical Neurons

Falchetto, S.; Kato, G.; Provini, L.

doi:10.1139/y71-001

Cited by 61 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Besides, we have tested carnitine for stereospecificity; the L-form was found to increase spontaneous firing, while the D-compound was almost inactive. This is in agreement with the results of other authors, who employed the microiontophoretic technique (Falchetto et al, 1971), or biochemical methods (Strack and Thomitzek et al, 1966). All of them concluded that the effects displayed by carnitine and derivatives could be selectively attributed to the Lforms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Falchetto et al (1971) found a slow rate of onset of excitation in cortical neurons. Tempesta et al (1982Tempesta et al ( , 1985 observed long latency of most neuronal responses to D, L-and L-acetylcarnitine in the rat brainstem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Falchetto et al (1971) found that carnitine and acetylcarnitine are able to excite cat cortical units in an atropinereversible manner and in doses much higher than those necessary for acetylcholine to induce excitations. They concluded that these compounds may act on synaptic membranes and stimulate muscarinic receptors, as well as putative neurotransmitters do, even though their release from presynaptic endings has yet to be proven (Falchetto et al, 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Activity of L-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine on cholinoceptive neocortical neurons of the rat in vivo

Janiri

Falcone

Persico

et al. 1991

J. Neural Transmission

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Carnitine and acetylcarnitine have been demonstrated to be present in the CNS and to be involved in cholinergic mechanisms, even if their exact role in neurotransmission is still unknown. This microiontophoretic study was carried out on single cholinoceptive neurons of the somatosensory cortex in the rat in order to analyze the effects of L- and D-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine on the spontaneous firing and the neuronal responses to some putative transmitters. L-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine increased the spontaneous discharge rate, while D-carnitine was found to be ineffective. L-acetylcarnitine clearly potentiated the cholinergic excitatory responses. On the contrary, L-carnitine was found to reduce cholinergic responses in a great percentage of units and to inhibit L-acetylcarnitine-induced excitatory responses. Atropine blocked the increase in firing rate induced by L-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine, thus suggesting for both of them a muscarinic activity. No interactions were observed between carnitines and GABA and glutamate. These results show that carnitine and acetylcarnitine are stereospecific neuroactive compounds with a cholinomimetic activity. They may play a role in a modulatory system for the cholinoceptive cortical neuron.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Activity of L-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine on cholinoceptive neocortical neurons of the rat in vivo

Janiri

Falcone

Persico

et al. 1991

J. Neural Transmission

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“…It has been shown that ALC increases acetylcholine synthesis and also has cholinomimetic activity [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Acetyl-<i>L</i>-Carnitine on Serum Levels of Cortisol and Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and Its Clinical Effect in Patients with Senile Dementia of Alzheimer Type

Parnetti¹,

Gaiti²,

Mecocci³

et al. 1990

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Eleven patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type were treated with acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) intravenously for 10 days and then orally for 50 days. Serum levels of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone were measured at baseline and after the intravenous treatment. Neuropsychological assessment was also carried out at the same times and at the end of the oral treatment. The results show a trend toward a decrease of the mean cortisol levels and a significant improvement of cognitive performances. These data could support the idea of the neuronotrophic action of ALC, indicating its usefulness for the treatment of dementia disorders.

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“…Its stereochemical similarity with acetylcholine (Falchetto et al, 1971) suggests its possible cholinergic activity and use in a pharmacologic study of senile cognitive decline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicenter clinical placebo‐controlled study with acetyl‐l‐carnitine (LAC) in the treatment of mildly demented elderly patients

Cucinotta

Passeri

Ventura

et al. 1988

Drug Development Research

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Acetyl-I-carnitine (LAC) was administered for 3 months, 2 gidaily, to 30 elderly patients with mild mental deterioration. Results were compared to those of a homogeneous control group of 28 patients treated with placebo. The study was carried out according to a double-blind, randomized methodology. A complete battery of rating scales and psychometric tests was used for for evaluating the modifications induced by either drug or placebo. The statistical evaluation of results showed a sufficient clear efficacy of the drug studied: results from patients on LAC were frequently different from those receiving placebo. Therefore, LAC must be taken into consideration as a useful drug for the global treatment of demented elderly patients.

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The Action of Carnitines on Cortical Neurons

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Activity of L-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine on cholinoceptive neocortical neurons of the rat in vivo

Activity of L-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine on cholinoceptive neocortical neurons of the rat in vivo

Effect of Acetyl-<i>L</i>-Carnitine on Serum Levels of Cortisol and Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and Its Clinical Effect in Patients with Senile Dementia of Alzheimer Type

Multicenter clinical placebo‐controlled study with acetyl‐l‐carnitine (LAC) in the treatment of mildly demented elderly patients

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