The Actin Cytoskeleton: Functional Arrays for Cytoplasmic Organization and Cell Shape Control

Szymanski, Daniel B.; Staiger, Christopher J.

doi:10.1104/pp.17.01519

Cited by 73 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 141 publications

(229 reference statements)

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“…Of the two cytoskeletal elements in plants, the actin cytoskeleton, which is discussed further in this issue (Szymanski and Staiger, 2018), is essential for tip growth in angiosperm pollen tubes, root hairs, and moss protonemata. To understand how actin contributes to cell expansion, it is important to determine the subcellular architecture of the F-actin arrays.…”

Section: Actin Cytoskeletonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between Ions, the Cytoskeleton, and Cell Wall Properties during Tip Growth

2017

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Section: Actin Cytoskeletonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between Ions, the Cytoskeleton, and Cell Wall Properties during Tip Growth

2017

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“…Although the actin cytoskeleton is required for plant cell expansion (Balu ska et al, 2001;Gilliland et al, 2003;Mathur, 2004;Hussey et al, 2006;Rahman et al, 2007;Kandasamy et al, 2009;Yang et al, 2011;Guerriero et al, 2014), actin's function in this process is not well understood. Actin is accepted to provide tracks for vesicle delivery (Mathur, 2004;Hussey et al, 2006), but connections also have been made between certain actin arrays and plant growth (Nick et al, 2009;Higaki et al, 2010a;Smertenko et al, 2010;Dyachok et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2011, Yanagisawa et al, 2015, resulting in various hypotheses about actin's role and/or the significance of specific actin arrays, each with supporting evidence, much of it circumstantial (Li et al, 2015a;Szymanski & Staiger, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxin‐induced actin cytoskeleton rearrangements require AUX1

Arieti

Staiger

2020

New Phytologist

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Summary The actin cytoskeleton is required for cell expansion and implicated in cellular responses to the phytohormone auxin. However, the mechanisms that coordinate auxin signaling, cytoskeletal remodeling and cell expansion are poorly understood. Previous studies examined long‐term actin cytoskeleton responses to auxin, but plants respond to auxin within minutes. Before this work, an extracellular auxin receptor – rather than the auxin transporter AUXIN RESISTANT 1 (AUX1) – was considered to precede auxin‐induced cytoskeleton reorganization. In order to correlate actin array organization and dynamics with degree of cell expansion, quantitative imaging tools established baseline actin organization and illuminated individual filament behaviors in root epidermal cells under control conditions and after indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) application. We evaluated aux1 mutant actin organization responses to IAA and the membrane‐permeable auxin 1‐naphthylacetic acid (NAA). Cell length predicted actin organization and dynamics in control roots; short‐term IAA treatments stimulated denser and more parallel, longitudinal arrays by inducing filament unbundling within minutes. Although AUX1 is necessary for full actin rearrangements in response to auxin, cytoplasmic auxin (i.e. NAA) stimulated a lesser response. Actin filaments became more ‘organized’ after IAA stopped elongation, refuting the hypothesis that ‘more organized’ actin arrays universally correlate with rapid growth. Short‐term actin cytoskeleton response to auxin requires AUX1 and/or cytoplasmic auxin.

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“…CMTs arrays orientation is determined by the geometry of the cell (Besson and Dumais, 2011;Chakrabortty et al, 2018;Hawkins et al, 2010) but is also modulated by cues such as hormones (Bouquin et al, 2003) and mechanics (Hamant et al, 2008;Landrein and Hamant, 2013;Uyttewaal et al, 2012). The F-actin cytoskeleton has been shown to affect cell shape and division through the regulation of membrane trafficking and movement of different organelles like the nucleus (Rasmussen and Bellinger, 2018;Szymanski and Staiger, 2018;Tamura et al, 2013;Yang, 2008). Microtubules (MTs) and F-actin cooperate towards the polarisation and directional elongation of cells (Fu et al, 2005;Kimata et al, 2016;Sampathkumar et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoskeleton dynamics control early events of lateral root initiation in Arabidopsis

Barro

Stöckle

Thellmann

et al. 2019

Preprint

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HIGHLIGHTS• Failure for lateral root founder cells to undergo asymmetric radial expansion before division, leads to aberrant organ formation.• Cortical microtubules arrays reorganise to facilitate this asymmetric expansion and F-actin the asymmetric division.• Cytoskeletal reorganisation depends on auxin signalling.• New genetic tools allow to perturb microtubules or actin in an inducible and cell-type specific manner. SUMMARYHow plant cells re-establish differential growth to initiate organs is poorly understood.Morphogenesis of lateral roots relies on the tightly controlled radial expansion and asymmetric division of founder cells. The cellular mechanisms that license and ensure these features are unknown. Here, we quantitatively analyse F-actin and microtubule dynamics during LR initiation.Using mutants, pharmacological and tissue-specific genetic perturbations, we show that dynamic reorganisation of both microtubule and F-actin networks is required for the asymmetric expansion of the founder cells. This cytoskeleton remodelling intertwine with auxin signalling in the pericycle and endodermis in order for founder cells to acquire a basic polarity required for initiating LR development. Our results reveal the conservation of cell remodelling and polarisation strategies between the Arabidopsis zygote and lateral root founder cells. We propose that coordinated, auxindriven reorganisation of the cytoskeleton licenses asymmetric cell growth and divisions during embryonic and post-embryonic organogenesis.

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The Actin Cytoskeleton: Functional Arrays for Cytoplasmic Organization and Cell Shape Control

Abstract: D.S. and C.J.S. wrote the review. [OPEN] Articles can be viewed without a subscription.

Cited by 73 publications

References 141 publications

Interplay between Ions, the Cytoskeleton, and Cell Wall Properties during Tip Growth

Interplay between Ions, the Cytoskeleton, and Cell Wall Properties during Tip Growth

Auxin‐induced actin cytoskeleton rearrangements require AUX1

Cytoskeleton dynamics control early events of lateral root initiation in Arabidopsis

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