The acquaintance process.

Newcomb, Theodore M.

doi:10.1037/13156-000

Cited by 1,238 publications

(760 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, the theme of similarity unites seemingly distinct research traditions, such as work on attraction (Byrne, 1971;Newcomb, 1961), relationships (Berscheid & Reis, 1998;Murray et al, 2002), stereotyping and prejudice (Allport, 1954;Tajfel & Turner, 1986), balance (Heider, 1958), social identity (Brewer, 1979;Tajfel & Turner, 1986), self-verification (Swann, 1996, and terror management (Greenberg, Pyszczynski, & Solomon, 1986;Solomon et al, 1991). Note that, despite the range of similarity explored in the above research, it almost 1 Some researchers have made a distinction between the motive to acquire information (e.g., the self-assessment motive; Trope, 1983) and the motive to confirm the validity of information that one has already acquired (e.g., the self-verification motive; Swann, 1996).…”

Section: Establishing the Phenomenonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeing I to I: A Pathway to Interpersonal Connectedness.

Pinel¹,

Long²,

Landau³

et al. 2006

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

157

163

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The authors introduce the construct of I-sharing-the belief that one shares an identical subjective experience with another person-and the role it plays in liking. In Studies 1-3, participants indicated their liking for an objectively similar and an objectively dissimilar person, one of whom I-shared with them and the other of whom did not. Participants preferred the objectively similar person but only when that person I-shared with them. Studies 4 and 5 highlight the role that feelings of existential isolation and the need for closeness play in people's attraction to I-sharers. In Study 4, people with high needs for interpersonal closeness responded to I-sharers and non-I-sharers with great intensity. In Study 5, priming participants with feelings of existential isolation increased their liking for Isharers over objectively similar others. The results highlight the importance of shared subjective experience and have implications for interpersonal and intergroup processes.

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Section: Establishing the Phenomenonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeing I to I: A Pathway to Interpersonal Connectedness.

Pinel¹,

Long²,

Landau³

et al. 2006

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

157

163

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For example, propinquity effects (Newcomb, 1961), in which people tend to have attitudes similar to those who live closest to them, would be expected if one's attitude shifted toward the average of the attitudes to which one was regularly exposed. Similarly, peer group effects (Miller & Prentice, 1994) may be due in part to this simple mechanism, as attitudes of peers may constitute the largest contributor to the distribution of attitudes to which one is exposed.…”

Section: Context and Attitudementioning

confidence: 99%

Preference and the contextual basis of ideals in judgment and choice.

Wedell¹,

Pettibone²

1999

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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Four experiments assessed preferences for schematic faces. In Experiment 1, eye gap and nose width were manipulated separately, and effects of shifting the range of values were assessed. Descriptive ratings of width showed contrast effects in accordance with A. Parducci's (1995) range-frequency theory. Evaluative ratings of pleasantness showed reversals of preference ordering that were modeled as shifts in ideal points toward the means of the contextual distributions. In Experiments 2 and 3, similar effects of context on preference were demonstrated in a trinary-choice task in which faces varied only in eye gap. In Experiment 4, eye gap and nose width were manipulated together, resulting in systematic contextual shifts of the ideal face within the 2-dimensional attribute space. The results demonstrated the pervasive effects of context on the construction of ideals determining preference and underlying attitudes.

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“…In one of the earliest and best known studies, Theodore Newcomb (1961) found that he could predict who would come to like whom in a college dormitory before any of the interactants ever met simply by knowing the degree of similarity in their attitudes. In a paradigmatic series of studies, Donn Byrne (1971) and his colleagues have formulated what they call the law of attraction: The greater the percentage of similar attitudes, the more attracted one is to another.…”

Section: Study 3: Attitude Heritability and Social Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%